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Objective: Medical image datasets with pixel-level labels tend to have a limited number of organ or tissue label classes annotated, even when the images have wide anatomical coverage. With supervised learning, multiple classifiers are…

Annotation studies often require annotators to familiarize themselves with the task, its annotation scheme, and the data domain. This can be overwhelming in the beginning, mentally taxing, and induce errors into the resulting annotations;…

Machine learning has been widely adopted for medical image analysis in recent years given its promising performance in image segmentation and classification tasks. As a data-driven science, the success of machine learning, in particular…

Patient-level diagnosis of severity in ulcerative colitis (UC) is common in real clinical settings, where the most severe score in a patient is recorded. However, previous UC classification methods (i.e., image-level estimation) mainly…

Curriculum learning is a widely adopted training strategy in natural language processing (NLP), where models are exposed to examples organized by increasing difficulty to enhance learning efficiency and performance. However, most existing…

Segmentation and classification of large numbers of instances, such as cell nuclei, are crucial tasks in digital pathology for accurate diagnosis. However, the availability of high-quality datasets for deep learning methods is often limited…

The development of medical science greatly depends on the increased utilization of machine learning algorithms. By incorporating machine learning, the medical imaging field can significantly improve in terms of the speed and accuracy of the…

This paper deals with the multiple annotation problem in medical application of cancer detection in digital images. The main assumption is that though images are labeled by many experts, the number of images read by the same expert is not…

Multiple instance (MI) learning with a convolutional neural network enables end-to-end training in the presence of weak image-level labels. We propose a new method for aggregating predictions from smaller regions of the image into an…

Supervised machine learning-based medical image computing applications necessitate expert label curation, while unlabelled image data might be relatively abundant. Active learning methods aim to prioritise a subset of available image data…

We propose a method for effectively utilizing weakly annotated image data in an object detection tasks of breast ultrasound images. Given the problem setting where a small, strongly annotated dataset and a large, weakly annotated dataset…

Conventional multimedia annotation/retrieval systems such as Normalized Continuous Relevance Model (NormCRM) [16] require a fully labeled training data for a good performance. Active Learning, by determining an order for labeling the…

Image annotation for active learning is labor-intensive. Various automatic and semi-automatic labeling methods are proposed to save the labeling cost, but a reduction in the number of labeled instances does not guarantee a reduction in cost…

Lung nodules suffer large variation in size and appearance in CT images. Nodules less than 10mm can easily lose information after down-sampling in convolutional neural networks, which results in low sensitivity. In this paper, a combination…

Histopathological image segmentation is a challenging and important topic in medical imaging with tremendous potential impact in clinical practice. State of the art methods rely on hand-crafted annotations which hinder clinical translation…

High-resolution mapping of cells and tissue structures provides a foundation for developing interpretable machine-learning models for computational pathology. Deep learning algorithms can provide accurate mappings given large numbers of…

One of the key challenges in the battle against the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is to detect and quantify the severity of the disease in a timely manner. Computed tomographies (CT) of the lungs are effective for assessing the state of…

Identifying cell types and subtypes in routine histopathology is fundamental for understanding disease. Existing tile-based models capture nuclear detail but miss the broader tissue context that influences cell identity. Current human…

Incremental Learning is well known machine learning approach wherein the weights of the learned model are dynamically and gradually updated to generalize on new unseen data without forgetting the existing knowledge. Incremental learning…

Each year, thousands of people learn new visual categorization tasks -- radiologists learn to recognize tumors, birdwatchers learn to distinguish similar species, and crowd workers learn how to annotate valuable data for applications like…