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In this paper, we explore some basic questions on the complexity of training neural networks with ReLU activation function. We show that it is NP-hard to train a two-hidden layer feedforward ReLU neural network. If dimension of the input…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Digvijay Boob , Santanu S. Dey , Guanghui Lan

We consider the well-studied problem of learning a linear combination of $k$ ReLU activations with respect to a Gaussian distribution on inputs in $d$ dimensions. We give the first polynomial-time algorithm that succeeds whenever $k$ is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Sitan Chen , Zehao Dou , Surbhi Goel , Adam R Klivans , Raghu Meka

One of the arguments to explain the success of deep learning is the powerful approximation capacity of deep neural networks. Such capacity is generally accompanied by the explosive growth of the number of parameters, which, in turn, leads…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

We study the problem of PAC learning one-hidden-layer ReLU networks with $k$ hidden units on $\mathbb{R}^d$ under Gaussian marginals in the presence of additive label noise. For the case of positive coefficients, we give the first…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Ilias Diakonikolas , Daniel M. Kane , Vasilis Kontonis , Nikos Zarifis

We present polynomial time and sample efficient algorithms for learning an unknown depth-2 feedforward neural network with general ReLU activations, under mild non-degeneracy assumptions. In particular, we consider learning an unknown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Pranjal Awasthi , Alex Tang , Aravindan Vijayaraghavan

We consider the natural problem of learning a ReLU network from queries, which was recently remotivated by model extraction attacks. In this work, we present a polynomial-time algorithm that can learn a depth-two ReLU network from queries…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Amit Daniely , Elad Granot

Deep learning empirically achieves high performance in many applications, but its training dynamics has not been fully understood theoretically. In this paper, we explore theoretical analysis on training two-layer ReLU neural networks in a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-30 Shunta Akiyama , Taiji Suzuki

Model extraction attacks have renewed interest in the classic problem of learning neural networks from queries. In this work we give the first polynomial-time algorithm for learning arbitrary one hidden layer neural networks activations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Sitan Chen , Adam R Klivans , Raghu Meka

We study the parameterized complexity of training two-layer neural networks with respect to the dimension of the input data and the number of hidden neurons, considering ReLU and linear threshold activation functions. Albeit the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Vincent Froese , Christoph Hertrich

We give the first dimension-efficient algorithms for learning Rectified Linear Units (ReLUs), which are functions of the form $\mathbf{x} \mapsto \max(0, \mathbf{w} \cdot \mathbf{x})$ with $\mathbf{w} \in \mathbb{S}^{n-1}$. Our algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Surbhi Goel , Varun Kanade , Adam Klivans , Justin Thaler

We study the problem of learning one-hidden-layer neural networks with Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation function, where the inputs are sampled from standard Gaussian distribution and the outputs are generated from a noisy teacher…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-21 Xiao Zhang , Yaodong Yu , Lingxiao Wang , Quanquan Gu

In studying the expressiveness of neural networks, an important question is whether there are functions which can only be approximated by sufficiently deep networks, assuming their size is bounded. However, for constant depths, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Gal Vardi , Ohad Shamir

Neural networks with REctified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation functions (a.k.a. ReLU networks) have achieved great empirical success in various domains. Nonetheless, existing results for learning ReLU networks either pose assumptions on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-01 Gang Wang , Georgios B. Giannakis , Jie Chen

We draw connections between simple neural networks and under-determined linear systems to comprehensively explore several interesting theoretical questions in the study of neural networks. First, we emphatically show that it is unsurprising…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-11-02 Austin R. Benson , Anil Damle , Alex Townsend

Understanding the computational complexity of training simple neural networks with rectified linear units (ReLUs) has recently been a subject of intensive research. Closing gaps and complementing results from the literature, we present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Vincent Froese , Christoph Hertrich , Rolf Niedermeier

We prove several hardness results for training depth-2 neural networks with the ReLU activation function; these networks are simply weighted sums (that may include negative coefficients) of ReLUs. Our goal is to output a depth-2 neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Surbhi Goel , Adam Klivans , Pasin Manurangsi , Daniel Reichman

Understanding when neural networks can be learned efficiently is a fundamental question in learning theory. Existing hardness results suggest that assumptions on both the input distribution and the network's weights are necessary for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Amit Daniely , Nathan Srebro , Gal Vardi

We study the realization map of deep ReLU networks, focusing on when a function determines its parameters up to scaling and permutation. To analyze hidden redundancies beyond these standard symmetries, we introduce a framework based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Moritz Grillo , Guido Montúfar

We introduce a variational framework to learn the activation functions of deep neural networks. Our aim is to increase the capacity of the network while controlling an upper-bound of the actual Lipschitz constant of the input-output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Shayan Aziznejad , Harshit Gupta , Joaquim Campos , Michael Unser

Consider the following fundamental learning problem: given input examples $x \in \mathbb{R}^d$ and their vector-valued labels, as defined by an underlying generative neural network, recover the weight matrices of this network. We consider…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Ainesh Bakshi , Rajesh Jayaram , David P. Woodruff
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