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This paper analyses the issue of frequency quality in low-inertia power systems. The analysis is based on a real-world large-scale low-inertia power system namely, the All-Island transmission system (AITS) of Ireland and Northern Ireland…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-06 Taulant Kerci , Manuel Hurtado , Mariglen Gjergji , Simon Tweed , Eoin Kennedy , Federico Milano

Power systems are shifted from conventional bulk generation toward renewable generation. This trend leads to the frequency security problem due to the decline of system inertia. On the other hand, natural gas-fired units are frequently…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-30 Lun Yang , Yinliang Xu , Jianguo Zhou , Hongbin Sun

The expansion of inverter-connected generation facilities (i.e. wind and photovoltaics) and the removal of conventional power plants is necessary to mitigate the impacts of climate change. Whereas conventional generation with large rotating…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2020-01-20 Philipp C. Böttcher , Andreas Otto , Stefan Kettemann , Carsten Agert

A major transition in modern power systems is the replacement of conventional generation units with renewable sources of energy. The latter results in lower rotational inertia which compromises the stability of the power system, as…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-15 Andreas Kasis , Stelios Timotheou , Marios Polycarpou

The wide deployment of renewable generation and the gradual decrease in the overall system inertia make modern power grids more vulnerable to transient instabilities and unacceptable frequency fluctuations. Time-domain simulation-based…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-03 Dongchan Lee , Liviu Aolaritei , Thanh Long Vu , Konstantin Turitsyn

In order to prevent the potential frequency instability due to the high Power Electronics (PE) penetration under an unintentional islanding event, this paper presents a novel microgrid scheduling model which explicitly models the system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-01 Zhongda Chu , Ning Zhang , Fei Teng

As the intention is to reduce the amount of thermal generation and to increase the share of clean energy, power systems are increasingly becoming susceptible to frequency instability after outages due to reduced levels of inertia. To…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-15 Mohammad Rajabdorri , Behzad Kazemtabrizi , Matthias Troffaes , Lukas Sigrist , Enrique Lobato

The increasing penetration of renewable energy leads to a continuous reduction in system inertia, for which conventional synchronization criteria based solely on frequency consistency can no longer accurately capture the coupled dynamics of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-24 Yusen Wei , Lan Tang , Peidong Li

A decentralized stability criterion is derived for a power system with heterogeneous subsystems. A condition for frequency stability and stability of interarea modes is derived using the generalized Nyquist criterion. The resulting scalable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-03 Joakim Björk , Karl Henrik Johansson

This paper shows that a necessary and sufficient condition for the small-signal stability of an inverter-integrated power system can be expressed in terms of semidefinite matrix inequalities determined only by the synchronous reactance of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-27 Taku Nishino , Yoshiyuki Onishi , Takayuki Ishizaki

Introduction of renewable generation leads to significant reduction of inertia in power system, which deteriorates the quality of frequency control. This paper suggests a new control scheme utilizing controllable load to deal with low…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Oleg O. Khamisov , Janusz W. Bialek , Anatoly Dymarsky

In this paper, we address the problem of stability and frequency regulation of a recently proposed inverter. In this type of inverter, the DC-side capacitor emulates the inertia of a synchronous generator. First, we remodel the dynamics…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-10-17 Pooya Monshizadeh , Claudio De Persis , Tjerk Stegink , Nima Monshizadeh , Arjan van der Schaft

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources reduces rotating inertia and even frequency control capacity, affecting frequency stability. This challenge is significant in \gls{ips} that already suffer from low inertia and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Miad Sarvarizadeh , Mohammad Rajabdorri , Enrique Lobato , Lukas Sigrist

Increased share of renewable sources of energy in a power grid leads to larger deviations in grid frequency from the nominal value resulting in more challenging control and its modelling. In this paper we focus on the grid frequency for the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-10-10 David Kraljic

Incorporating renewable energy sources into modern power grids has significantly decreased system inertia, which has raised concerns about power system vulnerability to disturbances and frequency instability. The conventional methods for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-29 Negar Monir , Mahdieh S. Sadabadi , Sadegh Soudjani

Traditional centralized stability analysis struggles with scalability in large complex modern power grids. This two-part paper proposes a compositional and equilibrium-free approach to analyzing power system stability. In Part I, we prove…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-16 Peng Yang , Xiaoyu Peng , Xi Ru , Hua Geng , Feng Liu

Load side participation can provide support to the power network by appropriately adapting the demand when required. In addition, it enables an economically improved power allocation. In this study, we consider the problem of providing an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-10 Andreas Kasis , Stelios Timotheou , Marios Polycarpou

Power systems must maintain the frequency within acceptable limits when subjected to a disturbance. To ensure this, the most significant credible disturbance in the system is normally used as a benchmark to allocate the Primary Frequency…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-11-28 Alinane B. Kilembe Panagiotis N. Papadopoulos

The regional inertia, which determines the regional rate of change of frequency (RoCoF), should be kept in a secure status in renewable-penetrated power systems. To break away from mapping the regional maximum RoCoF with regional inertia in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Jiahao Liu , Cheng Wang , Tianshu Bi

The electrical grid is evolving from a network consisting of mostly synchronous machines to a mixture of synchronous machines and inverter-based resources such as wind, solar, and energy storage. This transformation has led to a decrease in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-29 Atinuke Ademola-Idowu , Baosen Zhang