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Quantum error mitigation(QEM), an error suppression strategy without the need for additional ancilla qubits for noisy intermediate-scale quantum~(NISQ) devices, presents a promising avenue for realizing quantum speedups of quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Ke Wang , Xiantao Li

Near-term quantum computers have been built as intermediate-scale quantum devices and are fragile against quantum noise effects, namely, NISQ devices. Traditional quantum-error-correcting codes are not implemented on such devices and to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-18 Yusuke Hama , Hirofumi Nishi

Error-correcting codes were invented to correct errors on noisy communication channels. Quantum error correction (QEC), however, may have a wider range of uses, including information transmission, quantum simulation/computation, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-05 Ningping Cao , Junan Lin , David Kribs , Yiu-Tung Poon , Bei Zeng , Raymond Laflamme

Quantum error mitigation (EM) is a family of hybrid quantum-classical methods for eliminating or reducing the effect of noise and decoherence on quantum algorithms run on quantum hardware, without applying quantum error correction (EC).…

In this study, we explore the non-Markovian cost function for quantum error mitigation (QEM) and the representation of two-qubit operators using Dirac Gamma matrices, central to the structure of relativistic quantum mechanics. The primary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-03 Doyeol Ahn

Reducing the impact of errors and decoherence in near-term quantum computers, such as noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, is critical for their practical implementation. These factors significantly limit the applicability of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-03 Doyeol Ahn , Byeongyong Park

Quantum Error Mitigation (QEM) enables the extraction of high-quality results from the presently-available noisy quantum computers. In this approach, the effect of the noise on observables of interest can be mitigated using multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-23 Ivan Henao , Jader P. Santos , Raam Uzdin

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is vital for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. While most conventional QEM schemes assume discrete gate-based circuits with noise appearing either before or after each gate, the assumptions are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-12 Jinzhao Sun , Xiao Yuan , Takahiro Tsunoda , Vlatko Vedral , Simon C. Bejamin , Suguru Endo

The realization of fault-tolerant quantum computers hinges on effective quantum error correction protocols, whose performance significantly relies on the nature of the underlying noise. In this work, we directly study the structure of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-21 John F Kam , Spiro Gicev , Kavan Modi , Angus Southwell , Muhammad Usman

Every quantum system is coupled to an environment. Such system-environment interaction leads to temporal correlation between quantum operations at different times, resulting in non-Markovian noise. In principle, a full characterisation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 K. Goswami , C. Giarmatzi , C. Monterola , S. Shrapnel , J. Romero , F. Costa

In the scale-up of quantum computers, the framework underpinning fault-tolerance generally relies on the strong assumption that environmental noise affecting qubit logic is uncorrelated (Markovian). However, as physical devices progress…

We investigate continuous quantum error correction, comparing performance under a Markovian error model to two distinct non-Markovian models. The first non-Markovian model involves an interaction Hamiltonian between the system and an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Juan Garcia Nila , Todd A. Brun

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is a class of promising techniques capable of reducing the computational error of variational quantum algorithms tailored for current noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers. The recently proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-17 Yifeng Xiong , Soon Xin Ng , Lajos Hanzo

In the era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, the number of controllable hardware qubits is insufficient to implement quantum error correction (QEC). As an alternative, quantum error mitigation (QEM) can suppress errors in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-02 Yuchen Guo , Shuo Yang

Quantum computers progress toward outperforming classical supercomputers, but quantum errors remain their primary obstacle. The key to overcoming errors on near-term devices has emerged through the field of quantum error mitigation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-14 Haoran Liao , Derek S. Wang , Iskandar Sitdikov , Ciro Salcedo , Alireza Seif , Zlatko K. Minev

We apply quantum error mitigation techniques to a variety of benchmark problems and quantum computers to evaluate the performance of quantum error mitigation in practice. To do so, we define an empirically motivated, resource-normalized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-21 Vincent Russo , Andrea Mari , Nathan Shammah , Ryan LaRose , William J. Zeng

Understanding the noise characteristics of quantum processors is crucial when achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, typical qubit designs are often studied under the Markovian approximation, which does not fully capture…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Chun-Tse Li , Jingming Tan , Vasil Gucev , Daniel Lidar

We present a theory of finite-frequency noise in non-equilibrium conductors. It is shown that Non-Markovian correlations are essential to describe the physics of quantum noise. In particular, we show the importance of a correct treatment of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2011-04-01 D. Marcos , C. Emary , T. Brandes , R. Aguado

Quantum error mitigation has been proposed as a means to combat unwanted and unavoidable errors in near-term quantum computing without the heavy resource overheads required by fault tolerant schemes. Recently, error mitigation has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-15 Yihui Quek , Daniel Stilck França , Sumeet Khatri , Johannes Jakob Meyer , Jens Eisert

It is vital to minimise the impact of errors for near-future quantum devices that will lack the resources for full fault tolerance. Two quantum error mitigation (QEM) techniques have been introduced recently, namely error extrapolation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-01 Suguru Endo , Simon C. Benjamin , Ying Li
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