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Neuromorphic computing systems uses non-volatile memory (NVM) to implement high-density and low-energy synaptic storage. Elevated voltages and currents needed to operate NVMs cause aging of CMOS-based transistors in each neuron and synapse…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Shihao Song , Jui Hanamshet , Adarsha Balaji , Anup Das , Jeffrey L. Krichmar , Nikil D. Dutt , Nagarajan Kandasamy , Francky Catthoor

Neuromorphic Computing (NC) and Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) in particular are often viewed as the next generation of Neural Networks (NNs). NC is a novel bio-inspired paradigm for energy efficient neural computation, often relying on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Andreas Ziegler , Karl Vetter , Thomas Gossard , Jonas Tebbe , Sebastian Otte , Andreas Zell

Neuromorphic computing, which exploits Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) on neuromorphic chips, is a promising energy-efficient alternative to traditional AI. CNN-based SNNs are the current mainstream of neuromorphic computing. By contrast, no…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Man Yao , Jiakui Hu , Tianxiang Hu , Yifan Xu , Zhaokun Zhou , Yonghong Tian , Bo Xu , Guoqi Li

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are inspired by the sparse and event-driven nature of biological neural processing, and offer the potential for ultra-low-power artificial intelligence. However, realizing their efficiency benefits requires…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Ilkin Aliyev , Kama Svoboda , Tosiron Adegbija , Jean-Marc Fellous

As process technology continues to scale aggressively, circuit aging in a neuromorphic hardware due to negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) and time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) is becoming a critical reliability issue and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Shihao Song , Anup Das , Nagarajan Kandasamy

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer energy-efficient and biologically plausible alternatives to traditional artificial neural networks, but their performance depends critically on the tuning of neuron model parameters. In this work, we…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Szymon Mazurek , Jakub Caputa , Maciej Wielgosz

Non-volatile memory (NVM) crossbars have been identified as a promising technology, for accelerating important machine learning operations, with matrix-vector multiplication being a key example. Binary neural networks (BNNs) are especially…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Ruirong Huang , Zichao Yue , Caroline Huang , Janarbek Matai , Zhiru Zhang

We present a design-technology tradeoff analysis in implementing machine-learning inference on the processing cores of a Non-Volatile Memory (NVM)-based many-core neuromorphic hardware. Through detailed circuit-level simulations for scaled…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Ankita Paul , Shihao Song , Anup Das

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) and neuromorphic computing present a promising alternative to traditional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) by significantly improving energy efficiency, particularly in edge and implantable devices. However,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Enrique Barba Roque , Luis Cruz

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have garnered interest due to their energy efficiency and superior effectiveness on neuromorphic chips compared with traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs). One of the mainstream approaches to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Zhipeng Huang , Jianhao Ding , Zhiyu Pan , Haoran Li , Ying Fang , Zhaofei Yu , Jian K. Liu

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) that enable low-power design on edge devices have recently attracted significant research. However, the temporal characteristic of SNNs causes high latency, high bandwidth and high energy consumption for the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Hong-Han Lien , Chung-Wei Hsu , Tian-Sheuan Chang

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a promising energy-efficient alternative to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) by utilizing sparse and asynchronous processing through discrete spike-based computation. However, the performance of deep…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Eric Jahns , Davi Moreno , Michel A. Kinsy

Spiking neural networks have made breakthroughs in computer vision by lending themselves to neuromorphic hardware. However, the neuromorphic hardware lacks parallelism and hence, limits the throughput and hardware acceleration of SNNs on…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Ayesha Siddique , Khaza Anuarul Hoque

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are one of the most promising bio-inspired neural networks models and have drawn increasing attention in recent years. The event-driven communication mechanism of SNNs allows for sparse and theoretically…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Andrea Castagnetti , Alain Pegatoquet , Benoît Miramond

Neuromorphic computing and spiking neural networks (SNN) mimic the behavior of biological systems and have drawn interest for their potential to perform cognitive tasks with high energy efficiency. However, some factors such as temporal…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Haowen Fang , Brady Taylor , Ziru Li , Zaidao Mei , Hai Li , Qinru Qiu

Bio-inspired neuromorphic hardware is a research direction to approach brain's computational power and energy efficiency. Spiking neural networks (SNN) encode information as sparsely distributed spike trains and employ…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Haowem Fang , Amar Shrestha , De Ma , Qinru Qiu

Always-on converter health monitoring demands sub-mW edge inference, a regime inaccessible to GPU-based physics-informed neural networks. This work separates spiking temporal processing from physics enforcement: a three-layer leaky…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Hyeongmeen Baik , Hamed Poursiami , Maryam Parsa , Jinia Roy

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have emerged as a promising alternative to artificial neural networks (ANNs), offering improved energy efficiency by leveraging sparse and event-driven computation. However, existing hardware implementations…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yuehai Chen , Farhad Merchant

Phase-change memory (PCM) is a scalable and low latency non-volatile memory (NVM) technology that has been proposed to serve as storage class memory (SCM), providing low access latency similar to DRAM and often approaching or exceeding the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Shihao Song , Anup Das

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are gaining popularity in deep learning due to their low energy budget on neuromorphic hardware. However, they still face challenges in lacking sufficient robustness to guard safety-critical applications such…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Jianhao Ding , Zhiyu Pan , Yujia Liu , Zhaofei Yu , Tiejun Huang