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In recent years, blockchain technology has been recognized as a transformative innovation in the tech world, and it has quickly become the core infrastructure of digital currencies such as Bitcoin and an important tool in various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Mohsen Ghorbian , Mostafa Ghobaei-Arani

As digitalization and technological advancements continue to shape the infrastructure landscape, the emergence of blockchain-based decentralized physical infrastructure networks (DePINs) has gained prominence. However, a systematic…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Mark C. Ballandies , Hongyang Wang , Andrew Chung Chee Law , Joshua C. Yang , Christophe Gösken , Michael Andrew

Blockchain eliminates the need for trusted third-party intermediaries in business by enabling decentralised architecture design in software applications. However, the vulnerabilities in on-chain autonomous decision-makings and cumbersome…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Yue Liu , Qinghua Lu , Guangsheng Yu , Hye-Young Paik , Liming Zhu

Blockchain technology has emerged as one of the most transformative digital innovations of the 21st century. This paper presents a comprehensive review of blockchain's fundamental architecture, tracing its development from Bitcoin's initial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Aditya Pratap Singh

Blockchain systems come with a promise of decentralization that often stumbles on a roadblock when key decisions about modifying the software codebase need to be made. This is attested by the fact that both of the two major…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Aggelos Kiayias , Philip Lazos

Public key infrastructures are essential for Internet security, ensuring robust certificate management and revocation mechanisms. The transition from centralized to decentralized systems presents challenges such as trust distribution and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Patrick Herbke , Thomas Cory , Mauro Migliardi

The application of Bitcoin enables people to understand blockchain technology gradually. Bitcoin is a decentralized currency that does not rely on third-party credit institutions, and the core of Bitcoin's underlying technology is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yuhuan Yang , Shipeng Ye , Xiaoqi Li

The past decade has witnessed the rapid evolution in blockchain technologies, which has attracted tremendous interests from both the research communities and industries. The blockchain network was originated from the Internet financial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Wenbo Wang , Dinh Thai Hoang , Peizhao Hu , Zehui Xiong , Dusit Niyato , Ping Wang , Yonggang Wen , Dong In Kim

Decentralization is understood both by professionals in the blockchain industry and general users as a core design goal of permissionless ledgers. However, its meaning is far from universally agreed, and often it is easier to get opinions…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Alex Lynham , Geoff Goodell

Decentralization is a fundamental design element of the Web3 economy. Blockchains and distributed consensus mechanisms are touted as fault-tolerant, attack-resistant, and collusion-proof because they are decentralized. Recent analyses,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Harang Ju , Madhav Kumar , Ehsan Valavi , Sinan Aral

Bitcoin stands as a groundbreaking development in decentralized exchange throughout human history, enabling transactions without the need for intermediaries. By leveraging cryptographic proof mechanisms, Bitcoin eliminates the reliance on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Han Song , Yihao Wei , Zhongche Qu , Weihan Wang

Blockchain or Distributed Ledger Technology is a disruptive technology that provides the infrastructure for developing decentralized applications enabling the implementation of novel business models even in traditionally centralized…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Claudia Pop , Tudor Cioara , Ionut Anghel , Marcel Antal , Ioan Salomie

This thesis provides an in-depth exploration of the Decentralized Co-governance Crowdfunding (DCC) Ecosystem, a novel solution addressing prevailing challenges in conventional crowdfunding methods faced by MSMEs and innovative projects.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Bingyou Chen , Yu Luo , Jieni Li , Yujian Li , Ying Liu , Fan Yang , Junge Bo , Yanan Qiao

Blockchain is a disruptive technology intended at implementing secure decentralized distributed systems, in which transactional data can be shared, stored and verified by participants of a system using cryptographic and consensus…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Sabreen Ahmadjee , Rami Bahsoon

More than 1000 distributed ledger technology (DLT) systems raising $600 billion in investment in 2016 feature the unprecedented and disruptive potential of blockchain technology. A systematic and data-driven analysis, comparison and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Mark C. Ballandies , Marcus M. Dapp , Evangelos Pournaras

Decentralized finance, powered by blockchain technology, is growing day by day. This field, which emerged a few years ago, today manages $70 billion in assets. In this study, the concept of decentralized finance is discussed and explained…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-04-05 Mansur Bestas

Centralization enhances the efficiency of Artificial Intelligence (AI) but also introduces critical challenges, including single points of failure, inherent biases, data privacy risks, and scalability limitations. To address these issues,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Elizabeth Lui , Rui Sun , Vatsal Shah , Xihan Xiong , Jiahao Sun , Davide Crapis , William Knottenbelt , Zhipeng Wang

Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative paradigm for decentralized and secure data management across diverse application domains, including healthcare, supply chain management, and the Internet of Things. Its core features,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Hojer Key

The vast majority of applications at this moment rely on centralized servers to relay messages between clients, where these servers are considered trusted third-parties. With the rise of blockchain technologies over the last few years,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Harry Halpin

The convergence of blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) has led to the emergence of AI-based tokens, which are cryptographic assets designed to power decentralized AI platforms and services. This paper provides a comprehensive review…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Rischan Mafrur