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With the rapid development and widespread use of advanced network systems, software vulnerabilities pose a significant threat to secure communications and networking. Learning-based vulnerability detection systems, particularly those…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Weiliang Qi , Jiahao Cao , Darsh Poddar , Sophia Li , Xinda Wang

One of the most popular paradigms of applying large pre-trained NLP models such as BERT is to fine-tune it on a smaller dataset. However, one challenge remains as the fine-tuned model often overfits on smaller datasets. A symptom of this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Yiren Chen , Xiaoyu Kou , Jiangang Bai , Yunhai Tong

Data augmentation is proven to be effective in many NLU tasks, especially for those suffering from data scarcity. In this paper, we present a powerful and easy to deploy text augmentation framework, Data Boost, which augments data through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Ruibo Liu , Guangxuan Xu , Chenyan Jia , Weicheng Ma , Lili Wang , Soroush Vosoughi

Data augmentation has the potential to improve the performance of machine learning models by increasing the amount of training data available. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of different data augmentation techniques for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Aashish Arora , Elsbeth Turcan

Pretrained neural models such as BERT, when fine-tuned to perform natural language inference (NLI), often show high accuracy on standard datasets, but display a surprising lack of sensitivity to word order on controlled challenge sets. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Junghyun Min , R. Thomas McCoy , Dipanjan Das , Emily Pitler , Tal Linzen

Data augmentation, a widely-employed technique for addressing data scarcity, involves generating synthetic data examples which are then used to augment available training data. Researchers have seen surprising success from simple methods,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Ray Groshan , Michael Ginn , Alexis Palmer

Recent advances in language modelling has significantly decreased the need of labelled data in text classification tasks. Transformer-based models, pre-trained on unlabeled data, can outmatch the performance of models trained from scratch…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Mariana Yukari Noguti , Edduardo Vellasques , Luiz Eduardo Soares Oliveira

Noisy training data can significantly degrade the performance of language-model-based classifiers, particularly in non-topical classification tasks. In this study we designed a methodological framework to assess the impact of denoising.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nouran Khallaf , Serge Sharoff

A growing body of work has focused on text classification methods for detecting the increasing amount of hate speech posted online. This progress has been limited to only a select number of highly-resourced languages causing detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Aman Khullar , Daniel Nkemelu , Cuong V. Nguyen , Michael L. Best

The automatic identification of propaganda has gained significance in recent years due to technological and social changes in the way news is generated and consumed. That this task can be addressed effectively using BERT, a powerful new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-27 Harish Tayyar Madabushi , Elena Kochkina , Michael Castelle

We study whether large-scale unlabelled web data and LLM-based synthetic annotations can improve multilingual hate speech detection. Starting from texts crawled via OpenWebSearch.eu~(OWS) in four languages (English, German, Spanish,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Dang H. Dang , Jelena Mitrovi , Michael Granitzer

We analyze various methods for single-label and multi-label text classification across well-known datasets, categorizing them into bag-of-words, sequence-based, graph-based, and hierarchical approaches. Despite the surge in methods like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Lukas Galke , Ansgar Scherp , Andor Diera , Fabian Karl , Bao Xin Lin , Bhakti Khera , Tim Meuser , Tushar Singhal

Political scientists often grapple with data scarcity in text classification. Recently, fine-tuned BERT models and their variants have gained traction as effective solutions to address this issue. In this study, we investigate the potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Yu Wang , Wen Qu , Xin Ye

Named Entity Recognition(NER) for low-resource languages aims to produce robust systems for languages where there is limited labeled training data available, and has been an area of increasing interest within NLP. Data augmentation for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Gaurav Kamath , Sowmya Vajjala

NLP has achieved great progress in the past decade through the use of neural models and large labeled datasets. The dependence on abundant data prevents NLP models from being applied to low-resource settings or novel tasks where significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Jiaao Chen , Derek Tam , Colin Raffel , Mohit Bansal , Diyi Yang

Pre-trained language models such as BERT have been proved to be powerful in many natural language processing tasks. But in some text classification applications such as emotion recognition and sentiment analysis, BERT may not lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zixiao Zhu , Kezhi Mao

This study discusses the effect of semi-supervised learning in combination with pretrained language models for data-to-text generation. It is not known whether semi-supervised learning is still helpful when a large-scale language model is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Chris van der Lee , Thiago Castro Ferreira , Chris Emmery , Travis Wiltshire , Emiel Krahmer

The problem of online offensive language limits the health and security of online users. It is essential to apply the latest state-of-the-art techniques in developing a system to detect online offensive language and to ensure social justice…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Fatemah Husain , Ozlem Uzuner

Aggressive comments on social media negatively impact human life. Such offensive contents are responsible for depression and suicidal-related activities. Since online social networking is increasing day by day, the hate content is also…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Mst Shapna Akter , Hossain Shahriar , Nova Ahmed , Alfredo Cuzzocrea

Considering the importance of detecting hateful language, labeled hate speech data is expensive and time-consuming to collect, particularly for low-resource languages. Prior work has demonstrated the effectiveness of cross-lingual transfer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Faeze Ghorbanpour , Daryna Dementieva , Alexander Fraser