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We remind that the assumptions almost universally adopted among astronomers concerning the physics to use to describe rarefied cosmic gases remain often without justifications, mainly because the long range of gravitation invalidates the…
After introducing the fundamental properties of self-gravitating systems, we present an application of Tsallis' generalized entropy to the analysis of their thermodynamic nature. By extremizing the Tsallis entropy, we obtain an equation of…
A self-gravitating homogeneous ball of a fluid with pressure zero where the fluid particles are initially at rest collapses to a point in finite time. We prove that this gravitational collapse can be approximated arbitrarily closely by…
We use both numerical and analytical approaches to study the dynamics of the gravitational collapse in the framework of the relativistic theory of gravitation (RTG). We use various equations of state for the collapsing matter and relatively…
It is shown in the article that according to the Relativistic Theory of Gravitation the gravitational field providing slowing down of the time rate nevertheless stops itself this slowing down in strong fields. So a physical tendency of this…
We provide a simple and clear verification of the physical need for temperature gradients in equilibrium states when gravitational fields are present. Our argument will be built in a completely kinematic manner, in terms of the…
The concept of gravitational pressure is naturally defined in the context of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity. Together with the definition of gravitational energy, we investigate the thermodynamics of rotating black holes…
Molecular motion in combination with rotation causes a torque in gas when seen from a coordinate system fixed in the rotating system. The torque is caused by Coriolis forces.
The decreasing of the inertial mass density, established in the past for dissipative fluids, is found to be produced by the ``inertial'' term of the transport equation. Once the transport equation is coupled to the dynamical equation one…
We discuss the occurrence of gravitational phase transitions and instabilities in a gas of self-gravitating fermions within the framework of general relativity. In the classical (nondegenerate) limit, the system undergoes a gravitational…
Tolman's relation for the temperature gradient in an equilibrium self-gravitating general relativistic fluid is broadly accepted within the general relativity community. However, the concept of temperature gradients in thermal equilibrium…
The equivalence principle in combination with the special relativistic equivalence between mass and energy, $E=mc^2$, is one of the cornerstones of general relativity. However, for composite systems a long-standing result in general…
This article reviews classical and quantum aspects of critical phenomena in gravitational collapse. We pay special attention to the origin of the scaling law for black hole mass, and to phase transitions in which black hole formation turns…
I will argue that the inertial mass is greater than the gravitational mass for all objects which are held together primarily by gravitational forces. Thus, for celestial objects, like planets, stars and galaxies, their inertial mass is…
We investigate the gravitational collapse of a spherically symmetric, inhomogeneous star, which is described by a perfect fluid with heat flow and satisfies the equation of state $p=\rho/3$ at its center. In the process of the gravitational…
It was thought that the van der Waals force and gravitational force were distinct. Now a model is used to describe the attraction between macroscopic objects according to van der Waals interaction. The force between two objects with thermal…
The use of statistical methods to model gravitational systems is crucial to physics practice, but the extent to which thermodynamics and statistical mechanics genuinely apply to these systems is a contentious issue. This paper provides new…
Heat always flows from hotter to a colder temperature until thermal equilibrium be finally restored in agreement with the usual (zeroth, first and second) laws of thermodynamics. However, Tolman and Ehrenfest demonstrated that the relation…
It is known now that a typical gravitational collapse in general relativity, evolving from regular initial data and under physically reasonable conditions would end in either a black hole or a naked singularity final state. An important…
We investigate the dynamical instability of a self-gravitating thermal system in the quantum regime, where Fermi degeneracy pressure becomes significant. Using a truncated Fermi-Dirac distribution and solving the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff…