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This chapter studies the problem of decomposing a tensor into a sum of constituent rank one tensors. While tensor decompositions are very useful in designing learning algorithms and data analysis, they are NP-hard in the worst-case. We will…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Aravindan Vijayaraghavan

The decomposition locus of a tensor is the set of rank-one tensors appearing in a minimal tensor-rank decomposition of the tensor. For tensors lying on the tangential variety of any Segre variety, but not on the variety itself, we show that…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-07-26 Alessandra Bernardi , Alessandro Oneto , Pierpaola Santarsiero

Tensor decomposition methods are popular tools for learning latent variables given only lower-order moments of the data. However, the standard assumption is that we have sufficient data to estimate these moments to high accuracy. In this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-13 Omer Gottesman , Weiwei Pan , Finale Doshi-Velez

The notion of a tensor captures three great ideas: equivariance, multilinearity, separability. But trying to be three things at once makes the notion difficult to understand. We will explain tensors in an accessible and elementary way…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-06-16 Lek-Heng Lim

Matrices can be decomposed via rank-one approximations: the best rank-one approximation is a singular vector pair, and the singular value decomposition writes a matrix as a sum of singular vector pairs. The singular vector tuples of a…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Alvaro Ribot , Emil Horobet , Anna Seigal , Ettore Teixeira Turatti

Octupolar tensors are third order, completely symmetric and traceless tensors. Whereas in 2D an octupolar tensor has the same symmetries as an equilateral triangle and can ultimately be identified with a vector in the plane, the symmetries…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-12-24 Giuseppe Gaeta , Epifanio G. Virga

Differential geometries derived from tensor decompositions have been extensively studied and provided the foundations for a variety of efficient numerical methods. Despite the practical success of the tensor ring (TR) decomposition, its…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-30 Bin Gao , Renfeng Peng , Ya-xiang Yuan

Hermitian tensors are generalizations of Hermitian matrices, but they have very different properties. Every complex Hermitian tensor is a sum of complex Hermitian rank-1 tensors. However, this is not true for the real case. We study basic…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-04-29 Jiawang Nie , Zi Yang

The spectral decomposition of a symmetric, second-order tensor is widely adopted in many fields of Computational Mechanics. As an example, in elasto-plasticity under large strain and rotations, given the Cauchy deformation tensor, it is a…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Andrea Panteghini

We prove the decomposition of arbitrary diagonal operators into tensor and matrix products of smaller matrices, focusing on the analytic structure of the resulting formulas and their inherent symmetries. Diagrammatic representations are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 M. M. Fedin , A. A. Morozov

Tensor decomposition methods are popular tools for analysis of multi-way datasets from social media, healthcare, spatio-temporal domains, and others. Widely adopted models such as Tucker and canonical polyadic decomposition (CPD) follow a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Maxwell McNeil , Petko Bogdanov

The decoupling of multivariate functions is a powerful modeling paradigm for learning multivariate input-output relations from data. For the single-layer case, established CPD-based methods are available, but the multi-layer case remained…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Joppe De Jonghe , Konstantin Usevich , Philippe Dreesen , Mariya Ishteva

Higher-order data with high dimensionality is of immense importance in many areas of machine learning, computer vision, and video analytics. Multidimensional arrays (commonly referred to as tensors) are used for arranging higher-order data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Cagri Ozdemir , Randy C. Hoover , Kyle Caudle , Karen Braman

Tensor ring (TR) decomposition is an efficient approach to discover the hidden low-rank patterns for higher-order tensors, and streaming tensors are becoming highly prevalent in real-world applications. In this paper, we investigate how to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-07-04 Yajie Yu , Hanyu Li

In this work we study different notions of ranks and approximation of tensors. We consider the tensor rank, the nuclear rank and we introduce the notion of symmetric decomposable rank, a notion of rank defined only on symmetric tensors. We…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-07-23 Jorge Tomás Rodríguez

In the last decades, tensors have emerged as the right tool to represent multidimensional data in a compact yet informative manner. Moreover, it is well-known that by performing low-rank factorizations of such tensors one is often able to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Martina Iannacito , Sascha Portaro , Davide Palitta , Claudio Arlandini , Domitilla Brandoni

This paper investigates the learning of 3rd-order tensors representing the semantics of transitive verbs. The meaning representations are part of a type-driven tensor-based semantic framework, from the newly emerging field of compositional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-02-19 Tamara Polajnar , Luana Fagarasan , Stephen Clark

The groundbreaking performance of deep neural networks (NNs) promoted a surge of interest in providing a mathematical basis to deep learning theory. Low-rank tensor decompositions are specially befitting for this task due to their close…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Ricardo Borsoi , Konstantin Usevich , Marianne Clausel

Canonical Polyadic (or CANDECOMP/PARAFAC, CP) decompositions (CPD) are widely applied to analyze high order tensors. Existing CPD methods use alternating least square (ALS) iterations and hence need to unfold tensors to each of the $N$…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2013-06-27 Guoxu Zhou , Andrzej Cichocki , Shengli Xie

We discuss extended definitions of linear and multilinear operations such as Kronecker, Hadamard, and contracted products, and establish links between them for tensor calculus. Then we introduce effective low-rank tensor approximation…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-02-26 Namgil Lee , Andrzej Cichocki
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