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When providing frequency regulation in a pay-for-performance market, batteries need to carefully balance the trade-off between following regulation signals and their degradation costs in real-time. Existing battery control strategies either…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-03-24 Bolun Xu , Yuanyuan Shi , Daniel S. Kirschen , Baosen Zhang

Diverse usage patterns induce complex and variable aging behaviors in lithium-ion batteries, complicating accurate health diagnosis and prognosis. Separate diagnostic cycles are often used to untangle the battery's current state of health…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-11 Yunhong Che , Vivek N. Lam , Jinwook Rhyu , Joachim Schaeffer , Minsu Kim , Martin Z. Bazant , William C. Chueh , Richard D. Braatz

This study develops a methodology by capturing both the battery aging state and degradation rate for improved life prediction performance. The aging state is indicated by six physical features of an equivalent circuit model that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Mingyuan Zhao , Yongzhi Zhang

Battery degradation modes influence the aging behavior of Li-ion batteries, leading to accelerated capacity loss and potential safety issues. Quantifying these aging mechanisms poses challenges for both online and offline diagnostics in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-16 Yuanhao Cheng , Hanyu Bai , Yichen Liang , Xiaofan Cui , Weiren Jiang , Ziyou Song

Renewable energy is critical for combating climate change, whose first step is the storage of electricity generated from renewable energy sources. Li-ion batteries are a popular kind of storage units. Their continuous usage through…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-05 Youngjin Cho , Quyen Do , Pang Du , Yili Hong

The reuse of retired electric vehicle batteries in grid energy storage offers environmental and economic benefits. This study concentrates on health monitoring algorithms for retired batteries deployed in grid storage. Over 15 months of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Xiaofan Cui , Muhammad Aadil Khan , Gabriele Pozzato , Surinder Singh , Ratnesh Sharma , Simona Onori

We propose a multiscale model predictive control (MPC) framework for stationary battery systems that exploits high-fidelity models to trade-off short-term economic incentives provided by energy and frequency regulation (FR) markets and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-04-14 Yankai Cao , Seong Beom Lee , Venkat R. Subramanian , Victor M. Zavala

Cell inconsistency within a lithium-ion battery system poses a significant challenge in maximizing the system operational time. This study presents an optimization-driven active balancing method to minimize the effects of cell inconsistency…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-03 Yiming Xu , Xiaohua Ge , Ruohan Guo , Weixiang Shen

Lithium-ion batteries are pivotal to technological advancements in transportation, electronics, and clean energy storage. The optimal operation and safety of these batteries require proper and reliable estimation of battery capacities to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Gift Modekwe , Saif Al-Wahaibi , Qiugang Lu

This paper studies the problem of maximizing revenue from a grid-scale battery energy storage system, accounting for uncertain future electricity prices and the effect of degradation on battery lifetime. We formulate this task as an online…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-27 Jack Umenberger , Anna Osguthorpe Rasmussen

This paper introduces a mathematical formulation of energy storage systems into a generation capacity expansion framework to evaluate the role of energy storage in the decarbonization of distributed power systems. The modeling framework…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-31 Jiachen Mao , Mehdi Jafari , Audun Botterud

The degradation process of lithium-ion batteries is intricately linked to their entire lifecycle as power sources and energy storage devices, encompassing aspects such as performance delivery and cycling utilization. Consequently, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Yue Xiang , Bo Jiang , Haifeng Dai

Power systems with high penetration of variable renewable generation are vulnerable to periods with low generation. An alternative to retain high dispatchable generation capacity is electric energy storage that enables utilization of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-29 Per Aaslid , Magnus Korpås , Michael M Belsnes , Olav B Fosso

Lithium-ion batteries are used to store energy in electric vehicles. Physical models based on electro-chemistry accurately predict the cell dynamics, in particular the state of charge. However, these models are nonlinear partial…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-09-13 Sepideh Afshar , Kirsten Morris , Amir Khajepour

This work explores controllability and the control effort required for lithium-ion batteries. Battery packs have become a critical technology in both personal and professional applications as a means to store large amounts of energy.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Preston T. Abadie , Donald J. Docimo

Accurately predicting aging of lithium-ion batteries would help to prolong their lifespan, but remains a challenge owing to the complexity and interrelation of different aging mechanisms. As a result, aging prediction often relies on…

Degradation prognosis for lithium-ion cells requires forecasting the state-of-health (SOH) trajectory over future cycles. Existing data-driven approaches can produce trajectory outputs through direct regression, but lack a mechanism to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Kai Chin Lim , Khay Wai See

The state of health for lithium battery is necessary to ensure the reliability and safety for battery energy storage system. Accurate prediction battery state of health plays an extremely important role in guaranteeing safety and minimizing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-02 Xiaoyu Li , Zhenpo Wang

Currently, the characterization of electric energy storage units used for power system operation and planning models relies on two major assumptions: charge and discharge efficiencies, and power limits are constant and independent of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-20 Alvaro Gonzalez-Castellanos , David Pozo , Aldo Bischi

Degradation prediction for lithium-ion batteries using data-driven methods requires high-quality aging data. However, generating such data, whether in the laboratory or the field, is time- and resource-intensive. Here, we propose a method…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-19 Weihan Li , Harshvardhan Samsukha , Bruis van Vlijmen , Lisen Yan , Samuel Greenbank , Simona Onori , Venkat Viswanathan