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Clustering techniques attempt to group objects with similar properties into a cluster. Clustering the nodes of an attributed graph, in which each node is associated with a set of feature attributes, has attracted significant attention.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Chaojie Ji , Hongwei Chen , Ruxin Wang , Yunpeng Cai , Hongyan Wu

This report gives a summary of two problems about graph convolutional networks (GCNs): over-smoothing and heterophily challenges, and outlines future directions to explore.

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Sitao Luan

In recent years, hypergraph learning has attracted great attention due to its capacity in representing complex and high-order relationships. However, current neural network approaches designed for hypergraphs are mostly shallow, thus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Guanzi Chen , Jiying Zhang , Xi Xiao , Yang Li

It is known that the current graph neural networks (GNNs) are difficult to make themselves deep due to the problem known as over-smoothing. Multi-scale GNNs are a promising approach for mitigating the over-smoothing problem. However, there…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Kenta Oono , Taiji Suzuki

Oversmoothing has been recognized as a main obstacle to building deep Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), limiting the performance. This position paper argues that the influence of oversmoothing has been overstated and advocates for a further…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 MoonJeong Park , Sunghyun Choi , Jaeseung Heo , Eunhyeok Park , Dongwoo Kim

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have recently achieved great empirical success in learning graph-structured data. To address its scalability issue due to the recursive embedding of neighboring features, graph topology sampling has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Hongkang Li , Meng Wang , Sijia Liu , Pin-Yu Chen , Jinjun Xiong

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) suffer from severe performance degradation in deep architectures due to over-smoothing. While existing studies primarily attribute the over-smoothing to repeated applications of graph Laplacian operators,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Furong Peng , Jinzhen Gao , Xuan Lu , Kang Liu , Yifan Huo , Sheng Wang

Graph embedding is an important approach for graph analysis tasks such as node classification and link prediction. The goal of graph embedding is to find a low dimensional representation of graph nodes that preserves the graph information.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Mahsa Ghorbani , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah , Hamid R. Rabiee

Numerous recent research on graph neural networks (GNNs) has focused on formulating GNN architectures as an optimization problem with the smoothness assumption. However, in node classification tasks, the smoothing effect induced by GNNs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Jiayu Zhai , Lequan Lin , Dai Shi , Junbin Gao

Recent years have witnessed remarkable success achieved by graph neural networks (GNNs) in many real-world applications such as recommendation and drug discovery. Despite the success, oversmoothing has been identified as one of the key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Wei Jin , Xiaorui Liu , Yao Ma , Charu Aggarwal , Jiliang Tang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) set the state-of-the-art in representation learning for graph-structured data. They are used in many domains, from online social networks to complex molecules. Most GNNs leverage the message-passing paradigm and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Tuğrul Hasan Karabulut , İnci M. Baytaş

Graph convolutional neural networks (GCNNs) have received much attention recently, owing to their capability in handling graph-structured data. Among the existing GCNNs, many methods can be viewed as instances of a neural message passing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Tien Huu Do , Duc Minh Nguyen , Giannis Bekoulis , Adrian Munteanu , Nikos Deligiannis

Oversmoothing is a fundamental challenge in graph neural networks (GNNs): as the number of layers increases, node embeddings become increasingly similar, and model performance drops sharply. Traditionally, oversmoothing has been quantified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kaicheng Zhang , Piero Deidda , Desmond Higham , Francesco Tudisco

Graph neural networks have shown significant success in the field of graph representation learning. Graph convolutions perform neighborhood aggregation and represent one of the most important graph operations. Nevertheless, one layer of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Meng Liu , Hongyang Gao , Shuiwang Ji

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are limited in their propagation operators. In many cases, these operators often contain non-negative elements only and are shared across channels, limiting the expressiveness of GNNs. Moreover, some GNNs suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Moshe Eliasof , Lars Ruthotto , Eran Treister

Oversmoothing has long been identified as a major limitation of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs): input node features are smoothed at each layer and converge to a non-informative representation, if the weights of the GNN are sufficiently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Nicolas Keriven

Oversmoothing in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) refers to the phenomenon where increasing network depth leads to homogeneous node representations. While previous work has established that Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) exponentially lose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Xinyi Wu , Amir Ajorlou , Zihui Wu , Ali Jadbabaie

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved promising performance on a wide range of graph-based tasks. Despite their success, one severe limitation of GNNs is the over-smoothing issue (indistinguishable representations of nodes in different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Deli Chen , Yankai Lin , Wei Li , Peng Li , Jie Zhou , Xu Sun

The network embedding problem that maps nodes in a graph to vectors in Euclidean space can be very useful for addressing several important tasks on a graph. Recently, graph neural networks (GNNs) have been proposed for solving such a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Ping-En Lu , Cheng-Shang Chang

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have been successfully applied in node classification tasks of network mining. However, most of these models based on neighborhood aggregation are usually shallow and lack the "graph pooling" mechanism,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Fenyu Hu , Yanqiao Zhu , Shu Wu , Liang Wang , Tieniu Tan