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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently emerged as a promising solution for enhancing the accuracy and credibility of Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in Question & Answer tasks. This is achieved by incorporating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Qianren Mao , Qili Zhang , Hanwen Hao , Zhentao Han , Runhua Xu , Weifeng Jiang , Qi Hu , Zhijun Chen , Tyler Zhou , Bo Li , Yangqiu Song , Jin Dong , Jianxin Li , Philip S. Yu

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across multiple clients without sharing their private data. However, data heterogeneity across clients leads to client drift, which degrades the overall generalization performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Alina Devkota , Jacob Thrasher , Donald Adjeroh , Binod Bhattarai , Prashnna K. Gyawali

Federated Learning enables a population of clients, working with a trusted server, to collaboratively learn a shared machine learning model while keeping each client's data within its own local systems. This reduces the risk of exposing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-13 David Byrd , Antigoni Polychroniadou

In decentralized federated learning (FL), multiple clients collaboratively learn a shared machine learning (ML) model by leveraging their privately held datasets distributed across the network, through interactive exchange of the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Xiang Zhang , Zhou Li , Shuangyang Li , Kai Wan , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Giuseppe Caire

Federated Learning (FL) is a promising approach enabling multiple clients to train Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) collaboratively without sharing their local training data. However, FL is susceptible to backdoor (or targeted poisoning)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Phillip Rieger , Torsten Krauß , Markus Miettinen , Alexandra Dmitrienko , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Recent studies have revealed severe privacy risks in federated learning, represented by Gradient Leakage Attacks. However, existing studies mainly aim at increasing the privacy attack success rate and overlook the high computation costs for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Nawrin Tabassum , Ka-Ho Chow , Xuyu Wang , Wenbin Zhang , Yanzhao Wu

Federated Learning (FL) offers a collaborative training framework, allowing multiple clients to contribute to a shared model without compromising data privacy. Due to the heterogeneous nature of local datasets, updated client models may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Chia-Hsiang Kao , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training without sharing raw data. However, shared local model updates remain vulnerable to inference and poisoning attacks. Secure aggregation schemes have been proposed to mitigate these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Arnab Nath , Harsh Kasyap

Recent attacks have shown that user data can be recovered from FedSGD updates, thus breaking privacy. However, these attacks are of limited practical relevance as federated learning typically uses the FedAvg algorithm. Compared to FedSGD,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Dimitar I. Dimitrov , Mislav Balunović , Nikola Konstantinov , Martin Vechev

While federated learning (FL) promises to preserve privacy, recent works in the image and text domains have shown that training updates leak private client data. However, most high-stakes applications of FL (e.g., in healthcare and finance)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Mark Vero , Mislav Balunović , Dimitar I. Dimitrov , Martin Vechev

The rapid proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) has ushered in transformative connectivity between physical devices and the digital realm. Nonetheless, the escalating threat of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Ghazaleh Shirvani , Saeid Ghasemshirazi , Mohammad Ali Alipour

Federated learning (FL) is gaining increasing attention as an emerging collaborative machine learning approach, particularly in the context of large-scale computing and data systems. However, the fundamental algorithm of FL, Federated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jianyi Zhang , Ziyin Zhou , Yilong Li , Qichao Jin

Federated learning (FL) allows participants to collaboratively train machine learning models while keeping their data local, making it ideal for collaborations among healthcare institutions on sensitive data. However, in this paper, we…

Despite the great potential of Federated Learning (FL) in large-scale distributed learning, the current system is still subject to several privacy issues due to the fact that local models trained by clients are exposed to the central…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Truc Nguyen , Phuc Thai , Tre' R. Jeter , Thang N. Dinh , My T. Thai

Federated Learning is an emerging learning paradigm that allows training models from samples distributed across a large network of clients while respecting privacy and communication restrictions. Despite its success, federated learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Isidoros Tziotis , Zebang Shen , Ramtin Pedarsani , Hamed Hassani , Aryan Mokhtari

Decentralized learning (DL) offers a novel paradigm in machine learning by distributing training across clients without central aggregation, enhancing scalability and efficiency. However, DL's peer-to-peer model raises challenges in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Ali Reza Ghavamipour , Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao , Fatih Turkmen

Private data generated by edge devices -- from smart phones to automotive electronics -- are highly informative when aggregated but can be damaging when mishandled. A variety of solutions are being explored but have not yet won the public's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Graham Cormode , Igor L. Markov

This paper introduces Flamingo, a system for secure aggregation of data across a large set of clients. In secure aggregation, a server sums up the private inputs of clients and obtains the result without learning anything about the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Yiping Ma , Jess Woods , Sebastian Angel , Antigoni Polychroniadou , Tal Rabin

Federated sequential recommendation distributes model training across user devices so that behavioural data remains local, reducing privacy risks. Yet, this setting introduces two intertwined difficulties. On the one hand, individual…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Minh Hieu Nguyen

Federated learning obtains a central model on the server by aggregating models trained locally on clients. As a result, federated learning does not require clients to upload their data to the server, thereby preserving the data privacy of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-31 Yang Chen , Xiaoyan Sun , Yaochu Jin