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Interaction between supernova (SN) ejecta and a dense circumstellar medium (CSM) can power a luminous light curve and create narrow emission lines in the spectra. While theoretical studies of interaction often assume a spherically symmetric…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-04-04 Austin T. McDowell , Paul C. Duffell , Daniel Kasen

The interaction of supernova ejecta with a surrounding circumstellar medium (CSM) generates a strong shock which can convert the ejecta kinetic energy into observable radiation. Given the diversity of potential CSM structures (arising from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-08-08 David Khatami , Daniel Kasen

We perform a series of two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of the collision between supernova ejecta and circumstellar media (CSM). The hydrodynamic interaction of a fast flow and the surrounding media efficiently dissipates…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-08 Akihiro Suzuki , Takashi J. Moriya , Tomoya Takiwaki

We present generalized supernova (SN) light curve (LC) models for a variety of power inputs. We provide an expression for the power input that is produced by self-similar forward and reverse shocks in SN ejecta - circumstellar matter (CSM)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-03 Emmanouil Chatzopoulos , J. Craig Wheeler , Jozsef Vinko

We construct a numerical light curve model for interaction-powered supernovae that arise from an interaction between the ejecta and the circumstellar matter (CSM). In order to resolve the shocked region of an interaction-powered supernova,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-06-10 Yuki Takei , Toshikazu Shigeyama

Interaction between supernova (SN) ejecta and dense circumstellar medium (CSM) with a flat density structure ($\rho \propto r^{-s}, s < 1.5$) was recently proposed as a possible mechanism behind interacting SNe that exhibit exceptionally…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-08-07 Ryotaro Chiba , Takashi J. Moriya

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) arise from the thermonuclear explosion in binary systems involving carbon-oxygen white dwarfs (WDs). The pathway of WDs acquiring mass may produce circumstellar material (CSM). Observing SNe Ia within a few hours…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-15 Maokai Hu , Lifan Wang , Xiaofeng Wang , Lingzhi Wang

Recently, a hydrogen-poor superluminous supernova (SLSN) iPTF15esb at redshift $z=0.224$ was reported, whose light curve (LC) and spectrum show several unusual characteristics. Its late-time spectrum shows a strong, broad H$\alpha $…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-06-07 Liang-Duan Liu , Ling-Jun Wang , Shan-Qin Wang , Zi-Gao Dai

We present fits of generalized semi-analytic supernova (SN) light curve (LC) models for a variety of power inputs including Ni-56 and Co-56 radioactive decay, magnetar spin-down, and forward and reverse shock heating due to supernova…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-16 E. Chatzopoulos , J. C. Wheeler , J. Vinko , Z. L. Horvath , A. Nagy

We introduce a fast ($\sim 1$-$50$ ms) and generalised framework for modelling interaction-powered transients. The framework solves the thin-shell equations of motion for ejecta colliding with circumstellar material (CSM), and supports…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-20 Nikhil Sarin , Ryosuke Hirai

Transients powered by interaction with the circumstellar medium (CSM) are often observed in wavelengths other than optical, and multi-wavelength modelling can be important when inferring the properties of the explosion and CSM, or for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-06-23 Daichi Tsuna , Kazumi Kashiyama , Toshikazu Shigeyama

The interaction between the expanding supernova (SN) ejecta with the circumstellar material (CSM) that was expelled from the progenitor prior to explosion is a long-sought phenomenon, yet observational evidence is scarce. Here we confirm a…

A rare class of supernovae (SNe) is characterized by strong interaction between the ejecta and several solar masses of circumstellar matter (CSM) as evidenced by strong Balmer-line emission. Within the first few weeks after the explosion,…

We study high-energy (HE) neutrino production from interactions between supernova (SN) ejecta and the surrounding circumstellar material (CSM), focusing on regular Type~II and Type~IIn SNe. Using observationally inferred CSM density…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-21 Yi-Long Duan , Tuohuniyazi Tuniyazi , Gang Guo

We present an upgraded detailed numerical calculations of supernova (SN) interactions with significantly aspherical circumstellar matter (CSM), primarily formed as a disc or bipolar lobes. The circumstellar disc can arise as a result of,…

Hydrogen-rich supernovae can efficiently accelerate particles when the expanding ejecta interact with the surrounding circumstellar medium (CSM), producing high-energy (TeV--PeV) neutrinos. In this work we investigate the nearby SN~2024ggi,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-23 M. Buccheri , S. P. Cosentino , M. L. Pumo

With the ever faster cadence of untargeted surveys of the sky, the supernova (SN) community will capture in the coming years a growing number of shock breakouts in red-supergiant (RSG) stars. Expecting a high frequency of breakouts within…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-18 Luc Dessart , W. V. Jacobson-Galan

A novel approach is proposed to reveal a secret birth of enhanced circumstellar material (CSM) surrounding a collapsing massive star using neutrinos as a unique probe. In this scheme, non-thermal TeV-scale neutrinos produced in ejecta-CSM…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-03-24 Ryo Sawada , Yosuke Ashida

Circumstellar interaction of supernova (SN) ejecta is an essential process in its evolution and observations of SNe have found the signature of circumstellar interaction both in the early and late evolutionary phase of SNe. In this Letter,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-14 Tomoki Matsuoka , Keiichi Maeda , Ke-Jung Chen

Rapidly evolving transients, or objects that rise and fade in brightness on timescales two to three times shorter than those of typical Type Ia or Type II supernovae (SNe), have uncertain progenitor systems and powering mechanisms. Recent…

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