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For a countable group G = <A | R> presented by its generators A and defining relations R we discuss a simple method to embed G into such a 2-generator group T that the images of generators from A are explicitly given in T, and the defining…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-07-31 V. H. Mikaelian

We propose an algorithm which for any recursive group $G$, given by its effectively enumerable generators and recursively enumerable relations, outputs an explicit embedding of $G$ into a finitely presented group directly written by its…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-22 V. H. Mikaelian

We show that every countable group H with solvable word problem (=computable group) can be subnormally embedded into a 2-generated group G which also has solvable word problem. Moreover, the membership problem for H < G is also solvable. We…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-08-16 Arman Darbinyan

In the context of Higman embeddings of recursive groups into finitely presented groups we suggest an algorithm which uses Higman operations to explicitly constructs the specific recursively enumerable sets of integer sequences arising…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-18 V. H. Mikaelian

Explicit embeddings of the group $\mathbb{Q}$ into a finitely presented group $\mathcal{Q}$ and into a $2$-generator finitely presented group $T_{\mathcal{Q}}$ are suggested. The constructed embeddings reflect questions mentioned by…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-18 V. H. Mikaelian

In this paper, we prove a series of results on group embeddings in groups with a small number of generators. We show that each finitely generated group $G$ lying in a variety ${\mathcal M}$ can be embedded in a $4$-generated group $H \in…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-22 Vitaly Roman'kov

We show that there is an order-preserving embedding of the additive group of rational numbers $\mathbb{Q}$ into a 2-generator group $G$. The group $G$ can be chosen to be a solvable group $G$ of length 3, which is a minimal result in the…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2012-01-27 Arman Darbinyan , Vahagn H. Mikaelian

Suppose we wish to embed an (associative) $k$-algebra $A$ in a $k$-algebra $R$ generated in some specified way; e.g., by two elements, or by copies of given $k$-algebras $A_1,$ $A_2,$ $A_3.$ Several authors have obtained sufficient…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-11-04 George M. Bergman

We give a uniform construction that, on input of a recursive presentation $P$ of a group, outputs a recursive presentation of a torsion-free group, isomorphic to $P$ whenever $P$ is itself torsion-free. We use this to re-obtain a known…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2016-10-20 Maurice Chiodo

We give graphical presentations for the two quantum subgroups of type $G_2$. To do this we use a method of extending a tensor category by embedding the planar algebra of a $\otimes$-generating object into the graph planar algebra of this…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Caleb Kennedy Hill

We prove that, for every integer $n \ge 2$, a finite or infinite countable group $G$ can be embedded into a 2-generated group $H$ in such a way that the solvability of quadratic equations of length at most $n$ is preserved, i.e., every…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2016-07-25 Desmond F. Cummins , Sergei V. Ivanov

We augment the body of existing results on embedding finite semigroups of a certain type into 2-generator finite semigroups of the same type. The approach adopted applies to finite semigroups the idempotents of which form a band and also to…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-01-25 Peter M. Higgins

This paper classifies the derivations of group algebras in terms of the generators and defining relations of the group. If $RG$ is a group ring, where $R$ is commutative and $S$ is a set of generators of $G$ then necessary and sufficient…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2018-12-05 Kieran Hughes , Leo Creedon

Conventional text classification models make a bag-of-words assumption reducing text into word occurrence counts per document. Recent algorithms such as word2vec are capable of learning semantic meaning and similarity between words in an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-11 Vincent Major , Alisa Surkis , Yindalon Aphinyanaphongs

For all sufficiently large odd integers $n$, the following version of Higman's embedding theorem is proved in the variety ${\cal B}_n$ of all groups satisfying the identity $x^n=1$. A finitely generated group $G$ from ${\cal B}_n$ has a…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-09-24 Alexander Olshanskii

Embeddings of word structures into matrix semigroups provide a natural bridge between combinatorics on words and linear algebra. However, low-dimensional matrix semigroups impose strong structural restrictions on possible embeddings.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Paul C. Bell , George Kenison , Reino Niskanen , Igor Potapov , Pavel Semukhin

Word embedding maps words into a low-dimensional continuous embedding space by exploiting the local word collocation patterns in a small context window. On the other hand, topic modeling maps documents onto a low-dimensional topic space, by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-08-09 Shaohua Li , Tat-Seng Chua , Jun Zhu , Chunyan Miao

We suggest a modified and briefer version for the proof of Higman's embedding theorem stating that a finitely generated group can be embedded in a finitely presented group if and only if it is recursively presented. In particular, we…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-18 V. H. Mikaelian

All exactly integrable systems connected with the semisimple algebras of the second rank with an arbitrary choice of the grading in them are presented in explicit form. General solution of such systems are expressed in terms of the matrix…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. N. Leznov

This paper have two parts. In the first part we discuss word embeddings. We discuss the need for them, some of the methods to create them, and some of their interesting properties. We also compare them to image embeddings and see how word…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-10-27 Amit Mandelbaum , Adi Shalev
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