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An advanced persistent threat (APT) refers to a covert, long-term cyberattack, typically conducted by state-sponsored actors, targeting critical sectors and often remaining undetected for long periods. In response, collective intelligence…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Shakhzod Yuldoshkhujaev , Mijin Jeon , Doowon Kim , Nick Nikiforakis , Hyungjoon Koo

APT (Advanced Persistent Threat) with the characteristics of persistence, stealth, and diversity is one of the greatest threats against cyber-infrastructure. As a countermeasure, existing studies leverage provenance graphs to capture the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Mingqi Lv , HongZhe Gao , Xuebo Qiu , Tieming Chen , Tiantian Zhu , Jinyin Chen , Shouling Ji

Advanced persistent threat (APT) is a kind of stealthy, sophisticated, and long-term cyberattack that has brought severe financial losses and critical infrastructure damages. Existing works mainly focus on APT defense under stable network…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Zixuan Wang , Jiliang Li , Yuntao Wang , Zhou Su , Shui Yu , Weizhi Meng

The scarcity of data and the high complexity of Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) attacks have created challenges in comprehending their behavior and hindered the exploration of effective detection techniques. To create an effective APT…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Almuthanna Alageel , Sergio Maffeis , Imperial College London

Multi-stage threats like advanced persistent threats (APT) pose severe risks by stealing data and destroying infrastructure, with detection being challenging. APTs use novel attack vectors and evade signature-based detection by obfuscating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Florian Nelles , Abbas Yazdinejad , Ali Dehghantanha , Reza M. Parizi , Gautam Srivastava

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are difficult to detect due to their complexity and stealthiness. To mitigate such attacks, many approaches model entities and their relationship using provenance graphs to detect the stealthy and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Wenhao Yan , Ning An , Wei Qiao , Weiheng Wu , Bo Jiang , Zhigang Lu , Baoxu Liu , Junrong Liu

Advanced persistent threats (APTs) are sophisticated cyber attacks that can remain undetected for extended periods, making their mitigation particularly challenging. Given their persistence, significant effort is required to detect them and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Parth Atulbhai Gandhi , Prasanna N. Wudali , Yonatan Amaru , Yuval Elovici , Asaf Shabtai

Advanced persistent threats (APT) are stealthy, sophisticated, and unpredictable cyberattacks that can steal intellectual property, damage critical infrastructure, or cause millions of dollars in damage. Detecting APTs by monitoring…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Ghita Berrada , Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , James Cheney , William Maxwell , Himan Mookherjee , Alec Theriault , Ryan Wright

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are a main impendence in cyber security of computer networks. In 2015, a successful breach remains undetected 146 days on average, reported by [Fi16].With our work we demonstrate a feasible and fast way to…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-02-02 Timo Schindler

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) pose a major cybersecurity challenge due to their stealth and ability to mimic normal system behavior, making detection particularly difficult in highly imbalanced datasets. Traditional anomaly detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Petko Valtchev , James Cheney , Talal Rahwan

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) represent sophisticated cyberattacks characterized by their ability to remain undetected within the victim system for extended periods, aiming to exfiltrate sensitive data or disrupt operations. Existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Wei Qiao , Yebo Feng , Teng Li , Zhuo Ma , Yulong Shen , JianFeng Ma , Yang Liu

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) evolve through multiple stages, each exhibiting distinct temporal and structural behaviors. Accurate stage estimation is critical for enabling adaptive cyber defense. This paper presents StageFinder, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Trung V. Phan , Thomas Bauschert

APT detection is difficult to detect due to the long-term latency, covert and slow multistage attack patterns of Advanced Persistent Threat (APT). To tackle these issues, we propose TBDetector, a transformer-based advanced persistent threat…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Nan Wang , Xuezhi Wen , Dalin Zhang , Xibin Zhao , Jiahui Ma , Mengxia Luo , Fan Xu , Sen Nie , Shi Wu , Jiqiang Liu

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) have created new security challenges for critical infrastructures due to their stealthy, dynamic, and adaptive natures. In this work, we aim to lay a game-theoretic foundation by establishing a multi-stage…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Linan Huang , Quanyan Zhu

Provenance analysis based on system audit data has emerged as a fundamental approach for investigating Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attacks. Due to the high concealment and long-term persistence of APT attacks, they are only represented…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Qi Sheng

Advanced persistent threat (APT) is widely acknowledged to be the most sophisticated and potent class of security threat. APT refers to knowledgeable human attackers that are organized, highly sophisticated and motivated to achieve their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Atif Ahmad , Jeb Webb , Kevin C. Desouza , James Boorman

The rise of advanced persistent threats (APTs) has marked a significant cybersecurity challenge, characterized by sophisticated orchestration, stealthy execution, extended persistence, and targeting valuable assets across diverse sectors.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Yuntao Wang , Han Liu , Zhendong Li , Zhou Su , Jiliang Li

Malware allegedly developed by nation-states, also known as advanced persistent threats (APT), are becoming more common. The task of attributing an APT to a specific nation-state or classifying it to the correct APT family is challenging…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Ishai Rosenberg , Guillaume Sicard , Eli David

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are prolonged, stealthy intrusions by skilled adversaries that compromise high-value systems to steal data or disrupt operations. Reconstructing complete attack chains from massive, heterogeneous logs is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Rujie Dai , Peizhuo Lv , Yujiang Gui , Qiujian Lv , Yuanyuan Qiao , Yan Wang , Degang Sun , Weiqing Huang , Yingjiu Li , XiaoFeng Wang

The highest level in the Endsley situation awareness model is called projection when the status of elements in the environment in the near future is predicted. In cybersecurity situation awareness, the projection for an Advanced Persistent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Motahareh Dehghan , Babak Sadeghiyan , Erfan Khosravian , Alireza Sedighi Moghaddam , Farshid Nooshi