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The production of exotic hadron $\rm X(3872)$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=2.76\,\mathrm{TeV}$ is investigated by the parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE in this work. In the simulation the final partonic state (quark matter, QM) and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-07-30 Zhi-Lei She , An-Ke Lei , Yu-Liang Yan , Dai-Mei Zhou , Wen-Chao Zhang , Hua Zheng , Liang Zheng , Yi-Long Xie , Gang Chen , Ben-Hao Sa

Doubly heavy tetraquark states are the prime candidates for tightly bound exotic states. We present a systematic study of the mass spectra of the $S$-wave doubly heavy tetraquark states $QQ\bar{q}\bar{q}$ ($q=u, d, s$ and $Q=c, b$) with…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-02-09 Tao Guo , Jianing Li , Jiaxing Zhao , Lianyi He

We study the production of heavy multiquark states in the heavy ion collisions performed at the LHC. We assume that they are produced at the end of the quark-gluon plasma phase and then interact with light hadrons during the hadron gas…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-09-09 L. M. Abreu , F. S. Navarra , M. Nielsen , H. P. L. Vieira

Discriminating hadronic molecular and multi-quark states is a long standing problem in hadronic physics. We propose here to utilize relativistic heavy ion collisions to resolve this problem, as exotic hadron yields are expected to be…

The exclusive production of fully heavy tetraquark ($T(bb\bar{b}\bar{b})$, $T(cc\bar{c}\bar{c})$ and $T(bc\bar{b}\bar{c})$) in association with a hard photon in electron-positron collisions is calculated within the framework of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-10-20 Xiao Liang , Jun Jiang , Shi-Yuan Li , Yan-Rui Liu , Zong-Guo Si

We calculate the mass spectrum of the S-wave fully heavy tetraquark systems $ QQ\bar Q\bar Q~(Q=c,b) $ with both normal $ (J^{PC}=0^{++},1^{+-},2^{++}) $ and exotic $ (J^{PC}=0^{+-},1^{++},2^{+-}) $ C-parities using three different quark…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-03-27 Wei-Lin Wu , Yan-Ke Chen , Lu Meng , Shi-Lin Zhu

We investigate the possibilities of using measurements in present and future experiments on heavy ion collisions to answer some longstanding problems in hadronic physics, namely identifying hadronic molecular states and exotic hadrons with…

We use the twist dimensions of the operators underlying the dynamical behavior of exclusive production processes as a tool for determining the structure of exotic heavy-quark states such as the $Z_c^+(4430)$ tetraquark. The resulting…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-08-12 Stanley J. Brodsky , Richard F. Lebed

Heavy flavor hadrons, especially doubly heavy baryons and doubly heavy tetraquarks, have always received extensive attention in theoretical and experimental research. Given the separation of quark masses $m_Q \gg m_q$ ($Q = c, b$ and $q =…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-05-29 Lei Liu , Yanmei Xiao , Tao Guo

Temperature dependences of masses and current couplings of the ground state of the fully heavy tetraquarks $T_{4c}$ and $T_{4b}$, composed of charm $(c)$ and bottom $(b)$ quarks and antiquarks with spin-parities $J^{PC} = 0^{++}$ are…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-01-20 A. Aydın , H. Sundu , J. Y. Süngü , E. Veli Veliev

The production of fully-heavy tetraquark states in proton-proton ($pp$) and proton-nucleus ($pA$) collisions at the center-of-mass energies of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and at the Future Circular Collider (FCC) is investigated…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-06-23 L. M. Abreu , F. Carvalho , J. V. C. Cerqueira , V. P. Goncalves

Studies of exotic hadrons such as the $\chi_{cl}(3872)$ state provide crucial insights into the fundamental force governing the strong interaction dynamics, with an emerging new frontier to investigate their production in high energy…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-02-27 Xingyu Guo , Jinfeng Liao , Hongxi Xing

We give a review of the calculations of the masses of tetraquarks with two and four heavy quarks in the framework of the relativistic quark model based on the quasipotential approach and QCD. The diquark-antidiquark picture of heavy…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-04-21 R. N. Faustov , V. O. Galkin , E. M. Savchenko

The study of medium effects on properties of particles embedded in nuclear matter is of great importance for understanding the nature and internal quark-gluon organization as well as exact determination of the quantum numbers, especially of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-05-06 K. Azizi , N. Er

The yields of $X_{cs\bar{c}\bar{s}}$ with its two possible configurations, i.e., the hadronic molecular state and tetraquark state, for Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02~\rm{TeV}$ is studied. A volume effect is found from the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-04-03 Yuanyuan Hu , Hui Zhang

The study of the fully heavy tetraquark state helps to better understand the characteristics of compact exotic hadrons formed by quarks and gluons. In this work, we systematically investigate the mass spectra and decay channels of fully…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-13 Xi Xia , Tao Guo

The $X(6900)$ resonance, very recently discovered in the double-$J/\psi$ channel at LHCb experiment, has spurred intensive interest in unravelling the nature of the fully charmed tetraquark state. The aim of this paper is to present a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-09-18 Feng Feng , Yingsheng Huang , Yu Jia , Wen-Long Sang , Xiaonu Xiong , Jia-Yue Zhang

We use the quark potential model to calculate the mass spectrum of the S-wave fully heavy tetraquark systems with different flavors, including the $ bc\bar b\bar c, bb\bar c\bar c, cc\bar c\bar b $ and $ bb\bar b\bar c $ systems. We employ…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-11-22 Wei-Lin Wu , Yao Ma , Yan-Ke Chen , Lu Meng , Shi-Lin Zhu

The compact tetraquark states with fully heavy quark contents $QQ\bar Q\bar Q$ are studied as the bound states of the diquark-antidiquark within the Bethe-Salpeter framework. The (anti)diquark masses and form factors used are the same as we…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-08-04 Qiang Li , Chao-Hsi Chang , Guo-Li Wang , Tianhong Wang

We treat heavy quark as an open quantum system in the hot medium and rederive the Stochastic Schr\"odinger Equation (SSE) from the full Schr\"odinger equation for both heavy quarks and the medium. We apply the SSE to the dynamical…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-03-10 Zhuoxuan Xie , Baoyi Chen