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Related papers: s-process Enirchment of Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxies

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The synthesis of $r$-process elements is known to involve extremely energetic explosions. At the same time, recent observations find significant $r$-process enrichment even in extremely small ultra-faint dwarf (UFD) galaxies. This raises…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-07-09 Paz Beniamini , Irina Dvorkin , Joe Silk

We study the enrichment and mixing of r-process elements in ultrafaint dwarf galaxies (UFDs). We assume that r-process elements are produced by neutron-star mergers (NSMs), and examine multiple models with different natal kick velocities…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-03-25 Yuta Tarumi , Naoki Yoshida , Shigeki Inoue

We study the evolution of Eu and Ba abundances in local group dwarf spheroidal and ultra faint dwarf galaxies by means of detailed chemical evolution models and compare our results with new sets of homogeneous abundances. The adopted models…

Barium (Ba) stars are chemically peculiar stars that show enhanced surface abundances of heavy elements produced by the slow-neutron-capture process, the so-called s-process. These stars are not sufficiently evolved to undergo the s-process…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-29 Sara Vitali , Ana Escorza , Ditte Slumstrup , Paula Jofré

Context. Barium (Ba) stars are dwarf and giant stars enriched in elements heavier than iron produced by the slow neutron-capture process (s process). They belong to binary systems where the primary star evolved through the asymptotic giant…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-12 B. Cseh , M. Lugaro , V. D'Orazi , D. B. de Castro , C. B. Pereira , A. I. Karakas , L. Molnár , E. Plachy , R. Szabó , M. Pignatari , S. Cristallo

The heaviest metals found in stars in most ultra-faint dwarf (UFD) galaxies in the Milky Way halo are generally underabundant by an order of magnitude or more when compared with stars in the halo field. Among the heavy elements produced by…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-01-25 Ian U. Roederer

We determine the contributions of the rapid (r) and slow (s) neutron capture processes to the Ba isotope mixture, along with Ba, Eu, and Sr NLTE abundances, in a sample of very metal-poor stars. The selected stars formed before the…

Barium stars show enhanced abundances of the slow neutron capture (s-process) heavy elements, and for this reason they are suitable objects for the study of s-process elements. The aim of this work is to quantify the contributions of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Dinah M. Allen , Beatriz Barbuy

From newly-obtained high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra the abundances of the elements La and Eu have been determined over the stellar metallicity range -3<[Fe/H]<+0.3 in 159 giant and dwarf stars. Lanthanum is predominantly…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 J. Simmerer , C. Sneden , J. J. Cowan , J. Collier , V. M. Woolf , J. E. Lawler

The detailed abundance patterns of the stars within galaxies provide a unique window into the history of star formation (SF) at early times. Two widely used `chronometers' include the alpha and iron-peak elements, which are created on short…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Charlie Conroy , Pieter van Dokkum , Genevieve J. Graves

We suggest that if the astrophysical site for r-process nucleosynthesis in the early Galaxy is confined to a narrow mass range of Type II supernova (SN II) progenitors, with a lower mass limit of Mms = 20 Msun, a unique feature in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Takuji Tsujimoto , Toshikazu Shigeyama , Yuzuru Yoshii

Recent observations of $r$-process material in ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs) shed light on the sources of these elements. Strong upper limits on the Eu mass in some UFDs combined with detections of much larger masses in a UFD, Reticulum…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-12-13 Paz Beniamini , Kenta Hotokezaka , Tsvi Piran

We follow the chemical evolution of the Galaxy for elements from Ba to Eu, using an evolutionary model suitable to reproduce a large set of Galactic (local and non local) and extragalactic constraints. Input stellar yields for neutron-rich…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 C. Travaglio , D. Galli , R. Gallino , M. Busso , F. Ferrini , O. Straniero

Recent spectroscopic studies have revealed the presence of numerous carbon-enhanced, metal-poor stars with [Fe/H] < -2.0 that exhibit strong enhancements of s-process elements. These stars are believed to be the result of a binary…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 S. Wanajo , K. Nomoto , N. Iwamoto , Y. Ishimaru , T. C. Beers

There are many candidate sites of the r-process: core-collapse supernovae (including rare magnetorotational core-collapse supernovae), neutron star mergers, and neutron star/black hole mergers. The chemical enrichment of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-12-19 Gina E. Duggan , Evan N. Kirby , Serge M. Andrievsky , Sergey A. Korotin

Very old halo stars were previously found to show at least four different abundance 'anomalies', which models of fast rotating massive stars (spinstars) can successfully account for: rise of N/O and C/O, low 12C/13C and a primary-like…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2013-05-07 Gabriele Cescutti , Cristina Chiappini , Raphael Hirschi , Georges Meynet , Urs Frischknecht

The abundances of r-process elements of very metal-poor stars capture the history of the r-process enrichment in the early stage of star formation in a galaxy. Currently, various types of astrophysical sites including neutron star mergers,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-06-09 Yuta Tarumi , Kenta Hotokezaka , Paz Beniamini

To better characterize the abundance patterns produced by the r-process, we have derived new abundances or upper limits for the heavy elements zinc (Zn), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), europium (Eu), and lead (Pb). Our sample of 161…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 I. U. Roederer , J. J. Cowan , A. I. Karakas , K. -L. Kratz , M. Lugaro , J. Simmerer , K. Farouqi , C. Sneden

Study of primary stars lying in Sirius-like systems with various masses of WD companions and orbital separations is one of the key aspects to understand the origin and nature of Barium (Ba) stars. In this paper, based on high resolution and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-02-14 X. M. Kong , G. Zhao , J. K. Zhao , J. R. Shi , Y. Bharat Kumar , L. Wang , J. B. Zhang , Y. Wang , Y. T. Zhou

The rapid neutron-capture process or r-process is thought to produce the majority of the heavy elements (Z > 30) in extremely metal-poor stars. The same process is also responsible for a significant fraction of the heavy elements in the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-13 Andrew R. Casey , Kevin C. Schlaufman
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