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The federated learning (FL) framework enables multiple clients to collaboratively train machine learning models without sharing their raw data, but it remains vulnerable to privacy attacks. One promising approach is to incorporate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Shokichi Takakura , Seng Pei Liew , Satoshi Hasegawa

Federated learning (FL) has become a key component in various language modeling applications such as machine translation, next-word prediction, and medical record analysis. These applications are trained on datasets from many FL…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Md Rafi Ur Rashid , Vishnu Asutosh Dasu , Kang Gu , Najrin Sultana , Shagufta Mehnaz

Federated learning (FL) is a new paradigm that enables many clients to jointly train a machine learning (ML) model under the orchestration of a parameter server while keeping the local data not being exposed to any third party. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Yiwei Li , Shuai Wang , Tsung-Hui Chang , Chong-Yung Chi

Federated learning (FL) allows clients to collaboratively train a global model without sharing their local data with a server. However, clients' contributions to the server can still leak sensitive information. Differential privacy (DP)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jie Xu , Karthikeyan Saravanan , Rogier van Dalen , Haaris Mehmood , David Tuckey , Mete Ozay

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving collaborative learning framework, and differential privacy can be applied to further enhance its privacy protection. Existing FL systems typically adopt Federated Average (FedAvg) as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Lumin Liu , Jun Zhang , Shenghui Song , Khaled B. Letaief

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning approach that enables model training in communication efficient and privacy-preserving manner. The standard optimization method in FL is Federated Averaging (FedAvg), which performs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Zeyi Tao , Jindi Wu , Qun Li

We train language models (LMs) with federated learning (FL) and differential privacy (DP) in the Google Keyboard (Gboard). We apply the DP-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader (DP-FTRL)~\citep{kairouz21b} algorithm to achieve meaningfully formal…

Federated Learning (FL) is a paradigm for large-scale distributed learning which faces two key challenges: (i) efficient training from highly heterogeneous user data, and (ii) protecting the privacy of participating users. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Maxence Noble , Aurélien Bellet , Aymeric Dieuleveut

Conventional federated learning directly averages model weights, which is only possible for collaboration between models with homogeneous architectures. Sharing prediction instead of weight removes this obstacle and eliminates the risk of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Lichao Sun , Lingjuan Lyu

Federated Learning (FL) has become a popular paradigm for learning from distributed data. To effectively utilize data at different devices without moving them to the cloud, algorithms such as the Federated Averaging (FedAvg) have adopted a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Xinwei Zhang , Mingyi Hong , Sairaj Dhople , Wotao Yin , Yang Liu

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed learning process where the model (weights and checkpoints) is transferred to the devices that posses data rather than the classical way of transferring and aggregating the data centrally. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Sudipta Paul , Poushali Sengupta , Subhankar Mishra

Federated learning (FL) with differential privacy (DP) provides a framework for collaborative machine learning, enabling clients to train a shared model while adhering to strict privacy constraints. The framework allows each client to have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Shahrzad Kiani , Nupur Kulkarni , Adam Dziedzic , Stark Draper , Franziska Boenisch

Providing privacy protection has been one of the primary motivations of Federated Learning (FL). Recently, there has been a line of work on incorporating the formal privacy notion of differential privacy with FL. To guarantee the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Xinwei Zhang , Xiangyi Chen , Mingyi Hong , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Jinfeng Yi

We propose algorithms to train production-quality n-gram language models using federated learning. Federated learning is a distributed computation platform that can be used to train global models for portable devices such as smart phones.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-09 Mingqing Chen , Ananda Theertha Suresh , Rajiv Mathews , Adeline Wong , Cyril Allauzen , Françoise Beaufays , Michael Riley

In Machine Learning scenarios, privacy is a crucial concern when models have to be trained with private data coming from users of a service, such as a recommender system, a location-based mobile service, a mobile phone text messaging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Vito Walter Anelli , Yashar Deldjoo , Tommaso Di Noia , Antonio Ferrara

Neural conversational models have long suffered from the problem of inconsistency and lacking coherent personality. To address the issue, persona-based models capturing individual characteristics have been proposed, but they still face the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Yujie Lu , Chao Huang , Huanli Zhan , Yong Zhuang

With growing concerns about user data collection, individualized privacy has emerged as a promising solution to balance protection and utility by accounting for diverse user privacy preferences. Instead of enforcing a uniform level of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Lucas Lange , Ole Borchardt , Erhard Rahm

To protect user privacy and meet legal regulations, federated learning (FL) is attracting significant attention. Training neural machine translation (NMT) models with traditional FL algorithm (e.g., FedAvg) typically relies on multi-round…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Yichao Du , Zhirui Zhang , Bingzhe Wu , Lemao Liu , Tong Xu , Enhong Chen

Differentially private (DP) decentralized Federated Learning (FL) allows local users to collaborate without sharing their data with a central server. However, accurately quantifying the privacy budget of private FL algorithms is challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Xiang Li , Buxin Su , Chendi Wang , Qi Long , Weijie J. Su

We train a recurrent neural network language model using a distributed, on-device learning framework called federated learning for the purpose of next-word prediction in a virtual keyboard for smartphones. Server-based training using…