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Formal methods provide remarkable tools allowing for high levels of confidence in the correctness of developments. Their use is therefore encouraged, when not required, for the development of systems in which safety or security is…

With more and more devices becoming connectable to the internet, the number of services but also a lot of threats increases dramatically. Security is often a secondary matter behind functionality and comfort, but the problem has already…

Internet of Things (IoT) have gained popularity in recent times. With an increase in the number of IoT devices, security and privacy vulnerabilities are also increasing. For sensitive domains like healthcare and industrial sectors, such…

Existing quantum key distribution schemes need the support of classical authentication scheme to ensure security. This is a conceptual drawback of quantum cryptography. It is pointed out that quantum cryptosystem does not need any support…

The enforcement of access control policies using cryptography has received considerable attention in recent years and the security of such enforcement schemes is increasingly well understood. Recent work in the area has considered the…

We present strong attacks against quantum key distribution schemes which use quantum memories and quantum gates to attack directly the final key. We analyze a specific attack of this type, for which we find the density matrices available to…

We show the security of multi-user key establishment on a single line of quantum communication. More precisely, we consider a quantum communication architecture where the qubit generation and measurement happen at the two ends of the line,…

The use of passwords and the need to protect passwords are not going away. The majority of websites that require authentication continue to support password authentication. Even high-security applications such as Internet Banking portals,…

The rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, which is an inter connection of networks through an insecure public channel i.e. Internet demands for authenticating the remote user trying to access the secure network…

The signcryption is a relatively new cryptographic technique that is supposed to fulfill the functionalities of encryption and digital signature in a single logical step. Although several signcryption schemes are proposed over the years,…

We study the Sign_then_Encrypt, Commit_then_Encrypt_and_Sign, and Encrypt_then_Sign paradigms in the context of two cryptographic primitives, namely designated confirmer signatures and signcryption. Our study identifies weaknesses in those…

Today, all types of digital signature schemes emphasis on secure and best verification methods. Different digital signature schemes are used in order for the websites, security organizations, banks and so on to verify user's validity.…

This paper proposes a novel remote user authentication scheme using smart cards which allows both the authentication server (AS) and the user to verify authenticity of each other. Our scheme is efficient enough to resist the known attacks…

Over the last years, we have seen several security incidents that compromised system safety, of which some caused physical harm to people. Meanwhile, various risk assessment methods have been developed that integrate safety and security,…

Cryptographic systems are derived using units in group rings. Combinations of types of units in group rings give units not of any particular type. This includes cases of taking powers of units and products of such powers and adds the…

Recently, Lu et al. have proposed two image search schemes based on additive homomorphic encryption [IEEE Access, 2 (2014), 125-141]. We remark that both two schemes are flawed because: (1) the first scheme does not make use of the additive…

Many password alternatives for web authentication proposed over the years, despite having different designs and objectives, all predominantly rely on the knowledge of some secret. This motivates us, herein, to provide the first detailed…

Nowadays, advanced security mechanisms exist to protect data, systems, and networks. Most of these mechanisms are effective, and security experts can handle them to achieve a sufficient level of security for any given system. However, most…

Security and usability issues with passwords suggest a need for a new authentication scheme. Several alternatives involve a physical device or token. We investigate one such alternative, Pico: an authentication scheme that utilizes multiple…

As an extension of quantum key distribution, secure communication among multiple users is an essential task in a quantum network. When the quantum network structure becomes complicated with a large number of users, it is important to…