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Offline reinforcement learning refers to the process of learning policies from fixed datasets, without requiring additional environment interaction. However, it often relies on well-defined reward functions, which are difficult and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Xiancheng Gao , Yufeng Shi , Wengang Zhou , Houqiang Li

Real-time bidding (RTB) has become a new norm in display advertising where a publisher uses auction models to sell online user's page view to advertisers. In RTB, the ad with the highest bid price will be displayed to the user. This ad…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Xiang Chen

Incrementality, which is used to measure the causal effect of showing an ad to a potential customer (e.g. a user in an internet platform) versus not, is a central object for advertisers in online advertising platforms. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Ashwinkumar Badanidiyuru , Zhe Feng , Tianxi Li , Haifeng Xu

An accurate predictor is crucial for histogram-shifting (HS) based reversible data hiding methods. The embedding capacity is increased and the embedding distortion is decreased simultaneously if the predictor can generate accurate…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2015-07-30 Xiaochao Qu , Suah Kim , Run Cui , Hyoung Joong Kim

This paper explores the integration of strategic optimization methods in search advertising, focusing on ad ranking and bidding mechanisms within E-commerce platforms. By employing a combination of reinforcement learning and evolutionary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Chang Zhou , Yang Zhao , Jin Cao , Yi Shen , Xiaoling Cui , Chiyu Cheng

In many real-world scenarios, reward signal for agents are exceedingly sparse, making it challenging to learn an effective reward function for reward shaping. To address this issue, the proposed approach in this paper performs reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Wenyun Li , Wenjie Huang , Chen Sun

A desirable objective in self-supervised learning (SSL) is to avoid feature collapse. Whitening loss guarantees collapse avoidance by minimizing the distance between embeddings of positive pairs under the conditioning that the embeddings…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Xi Weng , Lei Huang , Lei Zhao , Rao Muhammad Anwer , Salman Khan , Fahad Shahbaz Khan

Sponsored search is an indispensable business model and a major revenue contributor of almost all the search engines. From the advertisers' side, participating in ranking the search results by paying for the sponsored search advertisement…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Li He , Liang Wang , Kaipeng Liu , Bo Wu , Weinan Zhang

With the increasing scale of search engine marketing, designing an efficient bidding system is becoming paramount for the success of e-commerce companies. The critical challenges faced by a modern industrial-level bidding system include: 1.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Cheng Jie , Da Xu , Zigeng Wang , Lu Wang , Wei Shen

In display advertising, advertisers want to achieve a marketing objective with constraints on budget and cost-per-outcome. This is usually formulated as an optimization problem that maximizes the total utility under constraints. The…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Anoop R Katti , Rui C. Gonçalves , Rinchin Iakovlev

Cost per click is a common metric to judge digital advertising campaign performance. In this paper we discuss an approach that generates a feature targeting recommendation to optimise cost per click. We also discuss a technique to assign…

Applications · Statistics 2021-08-03 Aditya Jain , Sahil Khan

Renewable sources are taking center stage in electricity generation. However, matching supply with demand in a renewable-rich system is a difficult task due to the intermittent nature of renewable resources (wind, solar, etc.). As a result,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-02 Haris Mansoor , Naveed Arshad

The win ratio (WR) is a widely used metric to compare treatments in randomized clinical trials with hierarchically ordered endpoints. Counting-based approaches, such as Pocock's algorithm, are the standard for WR estimation. However, this…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-17 Yi Liu , Huiman Barnhart , Sean O'Brien , Yuliya Lokhnygina , Roland A. Matsouaka

Virtual bidding plays an important role in two-settlement electric power markets, as it can reduce discrepancies between day-ahead and real-time markets. Renewable energy penetration increases volatility in electricity prices, making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Xuesong Wang , Sharaf K. Magableh , Oraib Dawaghreh , Caisheng Wang , Jiaxuan Gong , Zhongyang Zhao , Michael H. Liao

Recent advances in machine learning have spurred significant interest in learning-augmented algorithms, particularly for online optimization. A growing body of work has studied online bidding in this framework, aiming to characterize the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Changyeol Lee , Dahoon Lee , Jongseo Lee , Yongho Shin , Changki Yun

Small operators who take part in secondary wireless spectrum markets typically have strict budget limits. In this paper, we study the bidding problem of a budget constrained operator in repeated secondary spectrum auctions. In existing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-08-29 Mehrdad Khaledi , Alhussein Abouzeid

Online advertising platforms use automated auctions to connect advertisers with potential customers, requiring effective bidding strategies to maximize profits. Accurate ad impact estimation requires considering three key factors: delayed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yuwei Cheng , Zifeng Zhao , Haifeng Xu

We consider an outsourcing problem where a software agent procures multiple services from providers with uncertain reliabilities to complete a computational task before a strict deadline. The service consumer requires a procurement strategy…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Farzaneh Farhadi , Maria Chli , Nicholas R. Jennings

In digital advertising, online platforms allocate ad impressions through real-time auctions, where advertisers typically rely on autobidding agents to optimize bids on their behalf. Unlike traditional auctions for physical goods, the value…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zhicheng Du , Wei Tang , Zihe Wang , Shuo Zhang

Win statistics, including the win ratio, net benefit, and win odds, summarize treatment effects on hierarchical composite endpoints by sequentially comparing patient pairs on component outcomes ordered by clinical importance, proceeding to…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-27 Xi Fang , Fan Li