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We investigate the properties of formal languages expressible in terms of formulas over quantifier-free theories of word equations, arithmetic over length constraints, and language membership predicates for the classes of regular, visibly…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Joel D. Day , Vijay Ganesh , Nathan Grewal , Florin Manea

Contextualized embeddings are proven to be powerful tools in multiple NLP tasks. Nonetheless, challenges regarding their interpretability and capability to represent lexical semantics still remain. In this paper, we propose that the task of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Yu-Hsiang Tseng , Mao-Chang Ku , Wei-Ling Chen , Yu-Lin Chang , Shu-Kai Hsieh

Language Confusion is a phenomenon where Large Language Models (LLMs) generate text that is neither in the desired language, nor in a contextually appropriate language. This phenomenon presents a critical challenge in text generation by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yiyi Chen , Qiongxiu Li , Russa Biswas , Johannes Bjerva

A longstanding debate in semiotics centers on the relationship between linguistic signs and their corresponding semantics: is there an arbitrary relationship between a word form and its meaning, or does some systematic phenomenon pervade?…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Tiago Pimentel , Arya D. McCarthy , Damián E. Blasi , Brian Roark , Ryan Cotterell

Word embeddings represent a transformative technology for analyzing text data in social work research, offering sophisticated tools for understanding case notes, policy documents, research literature, and other text-based materials. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Brian E. Perron , Kelley A. Rivenburgh , Bryan G. Victor , Zia Qi , Hui Luan

We present a language independent, unsupervised method for building word embeddings using morphological expansion of text. Our model handles the problem of data sparsity and yields improved word embeddings by relying on training word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-16 Syed Sarfaraz Akhtar , Arihant Gupta , Avijit Vajpayee , Arjit Srivastava , Manish Shrivastava

Meaning of words constantly changes given the events in modern civilization. Large Language Models use word embeddings, which are often static and thus cannot cope with this semantic change. Thus,it is important to resolve ambiguity in word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Mihir Godbole , Parth Dandavate , Aditya Kane

Language is dynamic, constantly evolving and adapting with respect to time, domain or topic. The adaptability of language is an active research area, where researchers discover social, cultural and domain-specific changes in language using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Zi Yin , Vin Sachidananda , Balaji Prabhakar

Lexical ambiguity presents a profound and enduring challenge to the language sciences. Researchers for decades have grappled with the problem of how language users learn, represent and process words with more than one meaning. Our work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Benedetta Cevoli , Chris Watkins , Yang Gao , Kathleen Rastle

Slanted news coverage, also called media bias, can heavily influence how news consumers interpret and react to the news. To automatically identify biased language, we present an exploratory approach that compares the context of related…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Timo Spinde , Lada Rudnitckaia , Felix Hamborg , Bela Gipp

Large language models (LLMs) call for extension of context to handle many critical applications. However, the existing approaches are prone to expensive costs and inferior quality of context extension. In this work, we propose Extensible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Ninglu Shao , Shitao Xiao , Zheng Liu , Peitian Zhang

Neural language models are a powerful tool to embed words into semantic vector spaces. However, learning such models generally relies on the availability of abundant and diverse training examples. In highly specialised domains this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-12-04 Stephanie L. Hyland , Theofanis Karaletsos , Gunnar Rätsch

We use large language models (LLMs) to uncover long-ranged structure in English texts from a variety of sources. The conditional entropy or code length in many cases continues to decrease with context length at least to $N\sim 10^4$…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-01 Colin Scheibner , Lindsay M. Smith , William Bialek

Recurrent neural networks have been very successful at predicting sequences of words in tasks such as language modeling. However, all such models are based on the conventional classification framework, where the model is trained against…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-14 Hakan Inan , Khashayar Khosravi , Richard Socher

Historical linguists have identified multiple forms of lexical semantic change. We present a three-dimensional framework for integrating these forms and a unified computational methodology for evaluating them concurrently. The dimensions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Naomi Baes , Nick Haslam , Ekaterina Vylomova

Despite interest in using cross-lingual knowledge to learn word embeddings for various tasks, a systematic comparison of the possible approaches is lacking in the literature. We perform an extensive evaluation of four popular approaches of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-09 Shyam Upadhyay , Manaal Faruqui , Chris Dyer , Dan Roth

To avoid the "meaning conflation deficiency" of word embeddings, a number of models have aimed to embed individual word senses. These methods at one time performed well on tasks such as word sense induction (WSI), but they have since been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Alan Ansell , Felipe Bravo-Marquez , Bernhard Pfahringer

Quantifying differences in terminologies from various academic domains has been a longstanding problem yet to be solved. We propose a computational approach for analyzing linguistic variation among scientific research fields by capturing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-05 Pei Zhou , Muhao Chen , Kai-Wei Chang , Carlo Zaniolo

This paper connects a series of papers dealing with taxonomic word embeddings. It begins by noting that there are different types of semantic relatedness and that different lexical representations encode different forms of relatedness. A…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Magdalena Kacmajor , John D. Kelleher , Filip Klubicka , Alfredo Maldonado

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their transformative potential across numerous disciplinary studies, reshaping the existing research methodologies and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration. However, a systematic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Lu Xiang , Yang Zhao , Yaping Zhang , Chengqing Zong
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