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To enhance developer productivity, all modern integrated development environments (IDEs) include code suggestion functionality that proposes likely next tokens at the cursor. While current IDEs work well for statically-typed languages,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-11-28 Avishkar Bhoopchand , Tim Rocktäschel , Earl Barr , Sebastian Riedel

Transformer-based pre-trained models have recently achieved great results in solving many software engineering tasks including automatic code completion which is a staple in a developer's toolkit. While many have striven to improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Tim van Dam , Maliheh Izadi , Arie van Deursen

Code completion, which aims to predict the following code token(s) according to the code context, can improve the productivity of software development. Recent work has proved that statistical language modeling with transformers can greatly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Shuai Lu , Nan Duan , Hojae Han , Daya Guo , Seung-won Hwang , Alexey Svyatkovskiy

Pretrained code language models have enabled great progress towards program synthesis. However, common approaches only consider in-file local context and thus miss information and constraints imposed by other parts of the codebase and its…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Hengzhi Pei , Jinman Zhao , Leonard Lausen , Sheng Zha , George Karypis

Leveraging recent advancements in large language models, modern neural code completion models have demonstrated the capability to generate highly accurate code suggestions. However, their massive size poses challenges in terms of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Zhensu Sun , Xiaoning Du , Fu Song , Shangwen Wang , Li Li

Token-level code completion is one of the most critical features in modern Integrated Development Environments (IDEs). It assists developers by suggesting relevant identifiers and APIs during coding. While completions are typically derived…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Daniele Cipollone , Egor Bogomolov , Arie van Deursen , Maliheh Izadi

Programmers often reuse code from source code repositories to reduce the development effort. Code clones are candidates for reuse in exploratory or rapid development, as they represent often repeated functionality in software systems. To…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Muhammad Hammad , Önder Babur , Hamid Abdul Basit , Mark van den Brand

Code completion aims to help improve developers' productivity by suggesting the next code tokens from a given context. Various approaches have been proposed to incorporate abstract syntax tree (AST) information for model training, ensuring…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Wannita Takerngsaksiri , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Yuan-Fang Li

Software language models have achieved promising results predicting code completion usages, and several industry studies have described successful IDE integrations. Recently, accuracy in autocompletion prediction improved 12.8% from…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Wen Zhou , Seohyun Kim , Vijayaraghavan Murali , Gareth Ari Aye

Code execution is a fundamental aspect of programming language semantics that reflects the exact behavior of the code. However, most pre-trained models for code intelligence ignore the execution trace and only rely on source code and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Chenxiao Liu , Shuai Lu , Weizhu Chen , Daxin Jiang , Alexey Svyatkovskiy , Shengyu Fu , Neel Sundaresan , Nan Duan

Code language models have emerged as useful tools for various programming tasks, yet they often struggle when it comes to complex ones. In this paper, we explore the potential of curriculum learning in enhancing the performance of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Marwa Naïr , Kamel Yamani , Lynda Said Lhadj , Riyadh Baghdadi

Transformer-based language models are highly effective for code completion, with much research dedicated to enhancing the content of these completions. Despite their effectiveness, these models come with high operational costs and can be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Aral de Moor , Arie van Deursen , Maliheh Izadi

Intelligent code completion has become an essential research task to accelerate modern software development. To facilitate effective code completion for dynamically-typed programming languages, we apply neural language models by learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Jian Li , Yue Wang , Michael R. Lyu , Irwin King

In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end approach for AI-assisted code completion called Pythia. It generates ranked lists of method and API recommendations which can be used by software developers at edit time. The system is currently…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Alexey Svyatkovskiy , Ying Zhao , Shengyu Fu , Neel Sundaresan

Code completion is a prominent application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software engineering. Due to the near real-time response requirements of this task, base models with small to medium-sized parameters are typically employed,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Dongjun Yu , Xiao Yan , Zhenrui Li , Jipeng Xiao , Haochuan He , Yongda Yu , Hao Zhang , Guoping Rong , Xiaobo Huang

Code completion is usually cast as a language modelling problem, i.e., continuing an input in a left-to-right fashion. However, in practice, some parts of the completion (e.g., string literals) may be very hard to predict, whereas…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Daya Guo , Alexey Svyatkovskiy , Jian Yin , Nan Duan , Marc Brockschmidt , Miltiadis Allamanis

The capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly evolved, extending from natural language processing to complex tasks like code understanding and generation. We expand the scope of LLMs' capabilities to a broader context,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Chenyang Lyu , Lecheng Yan , Rui Xing , Wenxi Li , Younes Samih , Tianbo Ji , Longyue Wang

In recent years, the use of deep learning in language models gained much attention. Some research projects claim that they can generate text that can be interpreted as human-writing, enabling new possibilities in many application areas.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Juan Cruz-Benito , Sanjay Vishwakarma , Francisco Martin-Fernandez , Ismael Faro

A great part of software development involves conceptualizing or communicating the underlying procedures and logic that needs to be expressed in programs. One major difficulty of programming is turning concept into code, especially when…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Frank F. Xu , Bogdan Vasilescu , Graham Neubig

Code optimization is the process of enhancing code efficiency, while preserving its intended functionality. This process often requires a deep understanding of the code execution behavior at run-time to identify and address inefficiencies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Federico Di Menna , Luca Traini , Gabriele Bavota , Vittorio Cortellessa