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I show that Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) predicts a sort of uncertainty principle on the number of the "soft photons" that can be produced in coincidence with the particles that are observed in any EPR experiment. This result is argued to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniele Tommasini

Quantum nonlocality is an essential nonlocality resource in quantum information. It has been classified into three distinct types: quantum entanglement, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering, and Bell's nonlocality. In 1991, Gisin…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-29 Yu-Xuan Zhang , Jing-Ling Chen

We construct Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering signatures for the nonlocality of the entangled superposition state described by $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\{|N\rangle|0\rangle+|0\rangle|N\rangle\}$, called the two-mode NOON state. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-13 R. Y. Teh , L. Rosales-Zárate , B. Opanchuk , M. D. Reid

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering is a form of quantum nonlocality which is weaker than Bell nonlocality, but stronger than entanglement. Here we present a method to check Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering in the scenario where the steering…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-21 Debarshi Das , Shounak Datta , C. Jebaratnam , A. S. Majumdar

Quantum steering is considered as one of the most well-known nonlocal phenomena in quantum mechanics. Unlike entanglement and Bell non-locality, the asymmetry of quantum steering makes it vital for one-sided device-independent quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-11 Li-Juan Li , Xiao-Gang Fan , Xue-Ke Song , Liu Ye , Dong Wang

In this paper, we investigate the communication cost of reproducing Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering correlations arising from bipartite quantum systems. We characterize the set of bipartite quantum states which admits a local hidden…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-23 Sándor Nagy , Tamás Vértesi

In this work we reexamine the EPR paradox for composite systems with a finite number of levels. The analysis emphasizes the connection between measurements and conditional probabilities. This connection implies that when a measurement is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Henryk Gzyl

In 1935 Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) published an important paper in which they claimed that the whole formalism of quantum mechanics together with what they called "Reality Criterion" imply that quantum mechanics cannot be complete.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-12-11 Laszlo E. Szabo

We establish a general connection between entropic uncertainty relations, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering, and joint measurability. Specifically, we construct steering inequalities from any entropic uncertainty relation, given that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-20 Tamás Kriváchy , Florian Fröwis , Nicolas Brunner

Roman Schnabel's article argues that the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox can be resolved by identifying a flaw in what the author calls the "EPR implication" and by using radioactive alpha decay as an example showing that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-16 Mikołaj Sienicki , Krzysztof Sienicki

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is a quantum mechanical phenomenon that allows one party to steer the state of a distant party by exploiting their shared entanglement. It has potential applications in secure quantum communication. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-21 Meihong Wang , Zhongzhong Qin , Xiaolong Su

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is one of the most intriguing features of quantum mechanics and an important resource for quantum communication. For practical applications, it remains a challenge to protect EPR steering from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-27 Yang Liu , Kaimin Zheng , Haijun Kang , Dongmei Han , Meihong Wang , Lijian Zhang , Xiaolong Su , Kunchi Peng

The notion of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) "element of reality" is much discussed in the literature on the foundations of quantum mechanics. Recently, it has become particularly relevant due to a proposed criterion of the physical…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2020-02-20 Geoff Beck

This Colloquium examines the field of the EPR Gedankenexperiment, from the original paper of Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen, through to modern theoretical proposals of how to realize both the continuous-variable and discrete versions of the…

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering is a form of quantum nonlocality intermediate between entanglement and Bell nonlocality. Although Schr\"odinger already mooted the idea in 1935, steering still defies a complete understanding. In analogy to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-09 Jing-Ling Chen , Xiang-Jun Ye , Chunfeng Wu , Hong-Yi Su , Adan Cabello , L. C. Kwek , C. H. Oh

We consider the uncertainty bound on the sum of variances of two incompatible observables in order to derive a corresponding steering inequality. Our steering criterion when applied to discrete variables yields the optimum steering range…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-21 Ananda G. Maity , Shounak Datta , A. S. Majumdar

We demonstrate Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement by detecting purely spatial quantum correlations in the near and far fields of spontaneous parametric down-conversion generated in a type-2 beta barium borate crystal. Full-field…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-20 Paul-Antoine Moreau , Joé Mougin-Sisini , Fabrice Devaux , Eric Lantz

A critical reconsideration of the EPR (Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen) paper shows that the EPR argument can be developed without using the concept of `element of physical reality', thus eliminating any philosophical element in the logical chains…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-03 Giuseppe Giuliani

Protocols for testing or exploiting quantum correlations-such as entanglement, Bell nonlocality, and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering- generally assume a common reference frame between two parties. Establishing such a frame is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-12 Sabine Wollmann , Michael J. W. Hall , Raj B. Patel , Howard M. Wiseman , Geoff J. Pryde

Multipartite entangled states of continuous variables are fundamental resources for scalable quantum information processing. We study the correlation hierarchy in a tripartite state engineered by mixing a two-mode squeezed vacuum with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Jifeng Sun , Shumin Yang , Teng Zhao , Qingqian Kang , Liyun Hu