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Quantum state tomography is the fundamental physical task of learning a complete classical description of an unknown state of a quantum system given coherent access to many identical samples of it. The complexity of this task is commonly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Yanglin Hu , Enrique Cervero-Martín , Elias Theil , Laura Mančinska , Marco Tomamichel

Quantum state tomography is an indispensable but costly part of many quantum experiments. Typically, it requires measurements to be carried in a number of different settings on a fixed experimental setup. The collected data is often…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-13 Jun Li , Shilin Huang , Zhihuang Luo , Keren Li , Dawei Lu , Bei Zeng

Quantum state tomography, the ability to deduce the state of a quantum system from measured data, is the gold standard for verification and benchmarking of quantum devices. It has been realized in systems with few components, but for larger…

A novel operational method for estimating the efficiency of quantum state tomography protocols is suggested. It is based on a-priori estimation of the quality of an arbitrary protocol by means of universal asymptotic fidelity distribution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-18 Yu. I. Bogdanov , G. Brida , M. Genovese , S. P. Kulik , E. V. Moreva , A. P. Shurupov

Quantum tomography is a critically important tool to evaluate quantum hardware, making it essential to develop optimized measurement strategies that are both accurate and efficient. We compare a variety of strategies using nearly pure test…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-18 H. Sosa-Martinez , N. K. Lysne , C. H. Baldwin , A. Kalev , I. H. Deutsch , P. S. Jessen

Quantum tomography is an essential method of the photonic technology toolbox and is routinely used for evaluation of experimentally prepared states of light and characterization of devices transforming such states. The tomography procedure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-18 Radim Hošák , Robert Stárek , Miroslav Ježek

The development of large-scale platforms for quantum information requires new methods for verification and validation of quantum behavior. Quantum tomography (QT) is the standard tool for diagnosing quantum states, process, and readout…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-10 Charles H. Baldwin

Recent advances in quantum computers and simulators are steadily leading us towards full-scale quantum computing devices. Due to the fact that debugging is necessary to create any computing device, quantum tomography (QT) is a critical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-12 B. I. Bantysh , A. Yu. Chernyavskiy , Yu. I. Bogdanov

Robust, accurate and efficient quantum tomography is key for future quantum technologies. Traditional methods are impractical for even medium sized systems and are not robust against noise and errors. Here we report on an experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-27 Robert J. Chapman , Christopher Ferrie , Alberto Peruzzo

Quantum state tomography is a technique in quantum information science used to reconstruct the density matrix of an unknown quantum state, providing complete information about the quantum state. It is of significant importance in fields…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-23 Wenlong Zhao , Da Zhang , Huili Zhang , Haifeng Yu , Zhang-qi Yin

Quantifying and verifying the control level in preparing a quantum state are central challenges in building quantum devices. The quantum state is characterized from experimental measurements, using a procedure known as tomography, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-28 Quoc Hoan Tran , Kohei Nakajima

Quantum state tomography is the problem of estimating a given quantum state. Usually, it is required to run the quantum experiment - state preparation, state evolution, measurement - several times to be able to estimate the output quantum…

General Physics · Physics 2025-04-30 Shibdas Roy , Filippo Caruso , Srushti Patil , Anumita Mukhopadhyay

Quantum State Tomography is the task of determining an unknown quantum state by making measurements on identical copies of the state. Current algorithms are costly both on the experimental front -- requiring vast numbers of measurements --…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-18 Yihui Quek , Stanislav Fort , Hui Khoon Ng

In this paper, we examine a variety of strategies for numerical quantum-state estimation from data of the sort commonly measured in experiments involving quantum state tomography. We find that, in some important circumstances, an elaborate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-09-16 Max S. Kaznady , Daniel F. V. James

Quantum tomography is a fundamental technique for characterizing, benchmarking, and verifying quantum states and devices. It plays a crucial role in advancing quantum technologies and deepening our understanding of quantum mechanics.…

Only a few classes of quantum algorithms are known which provide a speed-up over classical algorithms. However, these and any new quantum algorithms provide important motivation for the development of quantum computers. In this article new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-02-04 Lian-Ao Wu , Mark S. Byrd

Quantum tomography is a process of quantum state reconstruction using data from multiple measurements. An essential goal for a quantum tomography algorithm is to find measurements that will maximize the useful information about an unknown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-05 A. D. Moiseevskiy , G. I. Struchalin , S. S. Straupe , S. P. Kulik

Quantum tomography is the main method used to assess the quality of quantum information processing devices, but its complexity presents a major obstacle for the characterization of even moderately large systems. The number of experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-19 Marcus P. da Silva , Olivier Landon-Cardinal , David Poulin

We present a method for quantum state tomography that enables the efficient estimation, with fixed precision, of any of the matrix elements of the density matrix of a state, provided that the states from the basis in which the matrix is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 Ariel Bendersky , Juan Pablo Paz

The efficiency of quantum state tomography is discussed from the point of view of quantum parameter estimation theory, in which the trace of the weighted covariance is to be minimized. It is shown that tomography is optimal only when a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Koichi Yamagata
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