English
Related papers

Related papers: The XZZX Surface Code

200 papers

Quantum computers have advanced rapidly in qubit count and gate fidelity. However, large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computing still relies on quantum error correction code (QECC) to suppress noise. Manually or experimentally verifying the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 Kean Chen , Yuhao Liu , Wang Fang , Jennifer Paykin , Xin-Chuan Wu , Albert Schmitz , Steve Zdancewic , Gushu Li

A quantum computer can solve hard problems - such as prime factoring, database searching, and quantum simulation - at the cost of needing to protect fragile quantum states from error. Quantum error correction provides this protection, by…

One of the most promising routes towards scalable quantum computing is a modular approach. We show that distinct surface code patches can be connected in a fault-tolerant manner even in the presence of substantial noise along their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-03 Joshua Ramette , Josiah Sinclair , Nikolas P. Breuckmann , Vladan Vuletić

Quantum computers will require encoding of quantum information to protect them from noise. Fault-tolerant quantum computing architectures illustrate how this might be done but have not yet shown a conclusive practical advantage. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-01 Robin Harper , Steven T. Flammia

Surface codes are generally studied based on the assumption that each of the qubits that make up the surface code lattice suffers noise that is independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). However, real benchmarks of the individual…

A major challenge in practical quantum computation is the ineludible errors caused by the interaction of quantum systems with their environment. Fault-tolerant schemes, in which logical qubits are encoded by several physical qubits, enable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-17 Kai Sun , Jin-Shi Xu , Xiao-Ye Xu , Yong-Jian Han , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

A quantum error correction code is assessed over its ability to correct errors in noisy quantum circuits. This task requires extensive simulations of faulty quantum circuits, which are often made tractable by considering stochastic Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Francesco Pio Barone , Daniel Jaschke , Ilaria Siloi , Simone Montangero

Quantum error detection can produce unbiased expectation values that exponentially converge to noiseless results as the code distance is increased. Despite this, its performance as an error mitigation technique is relatively understudied on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Yanis Le Fur , Ethan Egger , Hong-Ye Hu , Vincent Russo , William J. Zeng , Ryan LaRose

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for scalable quantum computing. However, it requires classical decoders that are fast and accurate enough to keep pace with quantum hardware. While quantum low-density parity-check codes have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Andi Gu , J. Pablo Bonilla Ataides , Mikhail D. Lukin , Susanne F. Yelin

Designing efficient fault tolerance schemes is crucial for building useful quantum computers. Most standard schemes assume no knowledge of the underlying device noise and rely on general-purpose quantum error-correcting (QEC) codes capable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Long D. H. My , Akshaya Jayashankar , Prabha Mandayam , Hui Khoon Ng

Large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computations will be enabled by quantum error-correcting codes (QECC). This work presents the first systematic technique to test the accuracy and effectiveness of different QECC decoding schemes by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-22 Arshpreet Singh Maan , Alexandru Paler

Fault-tolerant quantum computation demands significant resources: large numbers of physical qubits must be checked for errors repeatedly to protect quantum data as logic gates are implemented in the presence of noise. We demonstrate that an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-23 Felix Thomsen , Markus S. Kesselring , Stephen D. Bartlett , Benjamin J. Brown

We develop a scheme for fault-tolerant quantum computation based on asymmetric Bacon-Shor codes, which works effectively against highly biased noise dominated by dephasing. We find the optimal Bacon-Shor block size as a function of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-08 Peter Brooks , John Preskill

We prove that quantum expander codes can be combined with quantum fault-tolerance techniques to achieve constant overhead: the ratio between the total number of physical qubits required for a quantum computation with faulty hardware and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-13 Omar Fawzi , Antoine Grospellier , Anthony Leverrier

It is well understood that a two-dimensional grid of locally-interacting qubits is a promising platform for achieving fault tolerant quantum computing. However in the near-future, it may prove less challenging to develop lower dimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-28 Adam Siegel , Armands Strikis , Michael Fogarty

The overhead of quantum error correction (QEC) poses a major bottleneck for realizing fault-tolerant computation. To reduce this overhead, we exploit the idea of erasure qubits, relying on an efficient conversion of the dominant noise into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Shouzhen Gu , Alex Retzker , Aleksander Kubica

Quantum error correction is crucial for protecting quantum information against decoherence. Traditional codes like the surface code require substantial overhead, making them impractical for near-term, early fault-tolerant devices. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-13 Nico Meyer , Christopher Mutschler , Andreas Maier , Daniel D. Scherer

Decoders that provide an estimate of the probability of a logical failure conditioned on the error syndrome ("soft-output decoders") can reduce the overhead cost of fault-tolerant quantum memory and computation. In this work, we construct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Nadine Meister , Christopher A. Pattison , John Preskill

We compare the performance of quantum error correcting codes when memory errors are unitary with the more familiar case of dephasing noise. For a wide range of codes we analytically compute the effective logical channel that results when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-27 Eric Huang , Andrew C. Doherty , Steven Flammia

Quantum error correction methods use processing power to combat noise. The noise level which can be tolerated in a fault-tolerant method is therefore a function of the computational resources available, especially the size of computer and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Andrew Steane