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Given a graph $\mathcal{G}$, the spanning centrality (SC) of an edge $e$ measures the importance of $e$ for $\mathcal{G}$ to be connected. In practice, SC has seen extensive applications in computational biology, electrical networks, and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Shiqi Zhang , Renchi Yang , Jing Tang , Xiaokui Xiao , Bo Tang

Precise characterization of noisy quantum operations plays an important role for realizing further accurate operations. Quantum tomography is a popular class of characterization methods, and several advanced methods in the class use error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Takanori Sugiyama

We propose an efficient protocol to fully reconstruct a set of high-fidelity quantum gates. Usually, the efficiency of reconstructing high-fidelity quantum gates is limited by the sampling noise. Our protocol is based on a perturbative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-24 Ruyu Yang , Ying Li

Quantum Process Tomography (QPT) is a powerful tool to characterize quantum operations, but it requires considerable resources making it impractical for more than 2-qubit systems. This work proposes an alternative approach that requires…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-18 Vicente Leyton-Ortega , Tyler Kharazi , Raphael C. Pooser

Quantum tomography is a fundamental technique for characterizing, benchmarking, and verifying quantum states and devices. It plays a crucial role in advancing quantum technologies and deepening our understanding of quantum mechanics.…

Highly entangled quantum states are an ingredient in numerous applications in quantum computing. However, preparing these highly entangled quantum states on currently available quantum computers at high fidelity is limited by ubiquitous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-27 Sebastian Brandhofer , Ilia Polian , Stefanie Barz , Daniel Bhatti

Quantum computing can be realized with numerous different hardware platforms and computational protocols. A highly promising approach to foster scalability is to apply a photonic platform combined with a measurement-induced quantum…

The characterization of a unitary gate is experimentally accomplished via Quantum Process Tomography, which combines the outcomes of different projective measurements to reconstruct the underlying operator. The process matrix is typically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Tareq Jaouni , Francesco Di Colandrea , Lorenzo Amato , Filippo Cardano , Ebrahim Karimi

Quantum process tomography of each directly implementable quantum gate used in the IBM quantum processors is performed to compute gate error in order to check viability of complex quantum operations in the superconductivity-based quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-07 Abhishek Shukla , Mitali Sisodia , Anirban Pathak

We propose a practical strategy for choosing sets of input coherent states that are near-optimal for reconstructing single-mode Gaussian quantum processes with output-state heterodyne measurements. We first derive analytical expressions for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-29 Yong Siah Teo , Kimin Park , Seongwook Shin , Hyunseok Jeong , Petr Marek

In leading fault-tolerant quantum computing schemes, accurate transformation are obtained by a two-stage process. In a first stage, a discrete, universal set of fault-tolerant operations is obtained by error-correcting noisy transformations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-22 Guillaume Duclos-Cianci , David Poulin

High-fidelity logical \emph{T}-gate realization constitutes a core prerequisite for large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, conventional magic state distillation requires massive physical qubit overhead across successive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Cheng-Yun Ding , Li-Hua Zhang , Jian Zhou

We propose and validate on real quantum computing hardware a new method for extended two-qubit gate set design, replacing iterative, fine calibration with fast characterization of a small number of gate parameters which are then tracked and…

Quantum process tomography (QPT) methods aim at identifying a given quantum process. The present paper focuses on the estimation of a unitary process. This class is of particular interest because quantum mechanics postulates that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-23 François Verdeil , Yannick Deville

The impressive pace of advance of quantum technology calls for robust and scalable techniques for the characterization and validation of quantum hardware. Quantum process tomography, the reconstruction of an unknown quantum channel from…

Quantum state tomography (QST), the process of reconstructing some unknown quantum state $\hat\rho$ from repeated measurements on copies of said state, is a foundationally important task in the context of quantum computation and simulation.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Nathan Keenan , John Goold , Alex Nico-Katz

Sequence feature embedding is a challenging task due to the unstructuredness of sequence, i.e., arbitrary strings of arbitrary length. Existing methods are efficient in extracting short-term dependencies but typically suffer from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-06 Chitta Ranjan , Samaneh Ebrahimi , Kamran Paynabar

Typical quantum gate tomography protocols struggle with a self-consistency problem: the gate operation cannot be reconstructed without knowledge of the initial state and final measurement, but such knowledge cannot be obtained without…

We describe a practical experimental protocol for robustly characterizing the error rates of non-Clifford gates associated with dihedral groups, including gates in SU(2) associated with arbitrarily small angle rotations. Our dihedral…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-14 Arnaud Carignan-Dugas , Joel J. Wallman , Joseph Emerson

Quantum state tomography, the ability to deduce the state of a quantum system from measured data, is the gold standard for verification and benchmarking of quantum devices. It has been realized in systems with few components, but for larger…