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Rule-based machine translation is a machine translation paradigm where linguistic knowledge is encoded by an expert in the form of rules that translate text from source to target language. While this approach grants extensive control over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Daniel Torregrosa , Nivranshu Pasricha , Maraim Masoud , Bharathi Raja Chakravarthi , Juan Alonso , Noe Casas , Mihael Arcan

Modern machine translation (MT) systems depend on large parallel corpora, often collected from the Internet. However, recent evidence indicates that (i) a substantial portion of these texts are machine-generated translations, and (ii) an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Cristian García-Romero , Miquel Esplà-Gomis , Felipe Sánchez-Martínez

As a commercial provider of machine translation, we are constantly training engines for a variety of uses, languages, and content types. In each case, there can be many variables, such as the amount of training data available, and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Rohit Gupta , Patrik Lambert , Raj Nath Patel , John Tinsley

Massively multilingual neural machine translation (MMNMT) has been proven to enhance the translation quality of low-resource languages. In this paper, we empirically investigate the translation robustness of Indonesian-Chinese translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Supryadi , Leiyu Pan , Deyi Xiong

Neural Machine Translation systems built on top of Transformer-based architectures are routinely improving the state-of-the-art in translation quality according to word-overlap metrics. However, a growing number of studies also highlight…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Shanya Sharma , Manan Dey , Koustuv Sinha

Mistranslated numbers have the potential to cause serious effects, such as financial loss or medical misinformation. In this work we develop comprehensive assessments of the robustness of neural machine translation systems to numerical text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Jun Wang , Chang Xu , Francisco Guzman , Ahmed El-Kishky , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein , Trevor Cohn

Neural machine translation (NMT) models are typically trained with fixed-size input and output vocabularies, which creates an important bottleneck on their accuracy and generalization capability. As a solution, various studies proposed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Duygu Ataman , Marcello Federico

The massive amounts of web-mined parallel data contain large amounts of noise. Semantic misalignment, as the primary source of the noise, poses a challenge for training machine translation systems. In this paper, we first introduce a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Yan Meng , Di Wu , Christof Monz

Transformer models have demonstrated remarkable performance in neural machine translation (NMT). However, their vulnerability to noisy input poses a significant challenge in practical implementation, where generating clean output from noisy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Quinten Bolding , Baohao Liao , Brandon James Denis , Jun Luo , Christof Monz

Machine translation systems achieve near human-level performance on some languages, yet their effectiveness strongly relies on the availability of large amounts of parallel sentences, which hinders their applicability to the majority of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-15 Guillaume Lample , Myle Ott , Alexis Conneau , Ludovic Denoyer , Marc'Aurelio Ranzato

We aim to shed light on the strengths and weaknesses of the newly introduced neural machine translation paradigm. To that end, we conduct a multifaceted evaluation in which we compare outputs produced by state-of-the-art neural machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-12 Antonio Toral , Víctor M. Sánchez-Cartagena

Deep transformer neural network models have improved the predictive accuracy of intelligent text processing systems in the biomedical domain. They have obtained state-of-the-art performance scores on a wide variety of biomedical and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Milad Moradi , Matthias Samwald

The evaluation of abstractive summarization models typically uses test data that is identically distributed as training data. In real-world practice, documents to be summarized may contain input noise caused by text extraction artifacts or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Kundan Krishna , Yao Zhao , Jie Ren , Balaji Lakshminarayanan , Jiaming Luo , Mohammad Saleh , Peter J. Liu

Text generation models are notoriously vulnerable to errors in the training data. With the wide-spread availability of massive amounts of web-crawled data becoming more commonplace, how can we enhance the robustness of models trained on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Tianjian Li , Haoran Xu , Philipp Koehn , Daniel Khashabi , Kenton Murray

We share the findings of the first shared task on improving robustness of Machine Translation (MT). The task provides a testbed representing challenges facing MT models deployed in the real world, and facilitates new approaches to improve…

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved top results in recent machine translation evaluations, but they are also known to be sensitive to errors and perturbations in their prompts. We systematically evaluate how both humanly plausible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Patrícia Schmidtová , Niyati Bafna , Seth Aycock , Gianluca Vico , Wiktor Kamzela , Katharina Hämmerl , Vilém Zouhar

Although existing machine reading comprehension models are making rapid progress on many datasets, they are far from robust. In this paper, we propose an understanding-oriented machine reading comprehension model to address three kinds of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Feiliang Ren , Yongkang Liu , Bochao Li , Shilei Liu , Bingchao Wang , Jiaqi Wang , Chunchao Liu , Qi Ma

Having a clean dataset has been the foundational assumption of most natural language processing (NLP) systems. However, properly written text is rarely found in real-world scenarios and hence, oftentimes invalidates the aforementioned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Ayush Singh , Navpreet Singh , Shubham Vatsal

Traditionally, success in multilingual machine translation can be attributed to three key factors in training data: large volume, diverse translation directions, and high quality. In the current practice of fine-tuning large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Dawei Zhu , Pinzhen Chen , Miaoran Zhang , Barry Haddow , Xiaoyu Shen , Dietrich Klakow

Contextual question-answering models are susceptible to adversarial perturbations to input context, commonly observed in real-world scenarios. These adversarial noises are designed to degrade the performance of the model by distorting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Asir Saadat , Nahian Ibn Asad