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Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is a problem of finding a sequence of movements for agents to reach their assigned location without collision. Centralized algorithms usually give optimal solutions, but have difficulties to scale without…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Poom Pianpak , Tran Cao Son

We propose a novel complete algorithm for multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) called lazy constraints addition search for MAPF (LaCAM). MAPF is a problem of finding collision-free paths for multiple agents on graphs and is the foundation of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Keisuke Okumura

The Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) problem involves planning collision-free paths for multiple agents in a shared environment. The majority of MAPF solvers rely on the assumption that an agent can arrive at a specific location at a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Yifan Su , Rishi Veerapaneni , Jiaoyang Li

In Multiagent Path Finding (MAPF), the goal is to compute efficient, collision-free paths for multiple agents navigating a network from their sources to targets, minimizing the schedule's makespan-the total time until all agents reach their…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Foivos Fioravantes , Dušan Knop , Nikolaos Melissinos , Michal Opler

Multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) is the problem of finding collision-free paths for a team of agents on a map. Although MAPF is NP-hard, the hardness of solving individual instances varies significantly, revealing a gap between theoretical…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Jingyao Ren , Eric Ewing , T. K. Satish Kumar , Sven Koenig , Nora Ayanian

In multi-agent path finding (MAPF) the task is to find non-conflicting paths for multiple agents. In this paper we focus on finding suboptimal solutions for MAPF for the sum-of-costs variant. Recently, a SAT-based approached was developed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Pavel Surynek , Ariel Felner , Roni Stern , Eli Boyarski

We study a graph pathfinding problem Distance-$r$ Independent Unlabeled Multi-Agent Pathfinding, finding a set of collision-free paths between two sets where agents must stay at pairwise distance at least $r+1$ at all times. This additional…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Takahiro Suzuki , Yuma Tamura , Keisuke Okumura

Modern Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) algorithms must plan for hundreds to thousands of agents in congested environments within a second, requiring highly efficient algorithms. Priority Inheritance with Backtracking (PIBT) is a popular…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Zixiang Jiang , Yulun Zhang , Rishi Veerapaneni , Jiaoyang Li

We discuss C-MP and C-MAPF, generalizations of the classical Motion Planning (MP) and Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) problems on a directed graph G. Namely, we enforce an upper bound on the number of agents that occupy each member of a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Stefano Ardizzoni , Luca Consolini , Marco Locatelli , Irene Saccani

Multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) holds significant utility within autonomous systems, however, the calculation and memory space required for multi-agent path finding (MAPF) grows exponentially as the number of agents increases. This often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Zhuo Yao , Wei Wang

The goal of Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is to find a set of paths for a fleet of agents moving in a shared environment such that the agents reach their goals without colliding with each other. In practice, some of the robots executing…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-15 David Zahrádka , Denisa Mužíková , David Woller , Miroslav Kulich , Jiří Švancara , Roman Barták

We study two state-of-the-art solutions to the multi-agent pickup and delivery (MAPD) problem based on different principles -- multi-agent path-finding (MAPF) and multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Specifically, a recent MAPF…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Tim Tsz-Kit Lau , Biswa Sengupta

The trajectory planning for a fleet of Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) on a roadmap is commonly referred to as the Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) problem, the solution to which dictates each AGV's spatial and temporal location until it…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Alexander Berndt , Niels van Duijkeren , Luigi Palmieri , Alexander Kleiner , Tamás Keviczky

Conflict-Based Search (CBS) is a popular framework for solving the Multi-Agent Path Finding problem. Some of the conflicts incur a foreseeable conflict in one or both of the children nodes when splitting on them. This paper introduces a new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Lun Yang

In a multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) problem, agents need to navigate from their start to their goal locations without colliding into each other. There are various MAPF algorithms, including Windowed Hierarchical Cooperative A*, Flow…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Devon Sigurdson , Vadim Bulitko , Sven Koenig , Carlos Hernandez , William Yeoh

The Multi-agent Path Finding (MAPF) problem involves finding collision-free paths for a team of agents in a known, static environment, with important applications in warehouse automation, logistics, or last-mile delivery. To meet the needs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Chengyang He , Tanishq Duhan , Parth Tulsyan , Patrick Kim , Guillaume Sartoretti

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is a fundamental coordination problem in large-scale robotic and cyber-physical systems, where multiple agents must compute conflict-free trajectories with limited computational and communication resources.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-10 Kevin Riehl , Julius Schlapbach , Anastasios Kouvelas , Michail A. Makridis

Safe navigation is essential for autonomous systems operating in hazardous environments, especially when multiple agents must coordinate using only high-dimensional visual observations. While recent approaches successfully combine…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Viraj Parimi , Brian C. Williams

Missions for autonomous systems often require agents to visit multiple targets in complex operating conditions. This work considers the problem of visiting a set of targets in minimum time by a team of non-communicating agents in a Markov…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-21 Farhad Nawaz , Melkior Ornik

The concurrent target assignment and pathfinding (TAPF) problem extends multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) by asking planners to allocate distinct targets and collision-free paths to agents. Prior work on TAPF has relied exclusively on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yu Kumagai , Keisuke Okumura