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Diagnosing the minimal set of faults capable of explaining a set of given observations, e.g., from sensor readouts, is a hard combinatorial optimization problem usually tackled with artificial intelligence techniques. We present the mapping…

This paper assesses the performance of the D-Wave 2X (DW) quantum annealer for finding a maximum clique in a graph, one of the most fundamental and important NP-hard problems. Because the size of the largest graphs DW can directly solve is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-25 Guillaume Chapuis , Hristo N. Djidjev , Georg Hahn , Guillaume Rizk

Quantum annealing is getting increasing attention in combinatorial optimization. The quantum processing unit by D-Wave is constructed to approximately solve Ising models on so-called Chimera graphs. Ising models are equivalent to quadratic…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Michael Juenger , Elisabeth Lobe , Petra Mutzel , Gerhard Reinelt , Franz Rendl , Giovanni Rinaldi , Tobias Stollenwerk

Node embedding is a key technique for representing graph nodes as vectors while preserving structural and relational properties, which enables machine learning tasks like feature extraction, clustering, and classification. While classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-11 Hristo N. Djidjev

We introduce a framework for mapping NP-Hard problems to adiabatic quantum computing (AQC) architectures that are heavily restricted in both connectivity and dynamic range of couplings, for which minor-embedding -- the standard problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-13 Gary J. Mooney , Sam U. Y. Tonetto , Charles D. Hill , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

Today, hardware constraints are an important limitation on quantum adiabatic optimization algorithms. Firstly, computational problems must be formulated as quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) in the presence of noisy coupling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-06 Andrew Lucas

Graph embedding is a recurrent problem in quantum computing, for instance, quantum annealers need to solve a minor graph embedding in order to map a given Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problem onto their internal…

Quantum annealers (QA), such as D-Wave systems, become increasingly efficient and competitive at solving combinatorial optimization problems. However, solving problems that do not directly map the chip topology remains challenging for this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-30 Valentin Gilbert , Stéphane Louise

Quantum annealing promises to be an effective heuristic for complex NP-hard problems. However, clear demonstrations of quantum advantage are wanting, primarily constrained by the difficulty of embedding the problem into the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-15 Minjae Jo , Michael Hanks , M. S. Kim

Commercial quantum annealers from D-Wave Systems make it possible to obtain approximate solutions of high quality for certain NP-hard problems in nearly constant time. Before solving a problem on D-Wave, several pre-processing methods can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-27 Elijah Pelofske , Georg Hahn , Hristo Djidjev

A quantum annealer heuristically minimizes quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems, but is limited by the physical hardware in the size and density of the problems it can handle. We have developed a meta-heuristic solver…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-05-20 Gili Rosenberg , Mohammad Vazifeh , Brad Woods , Eldad Haber

The recent availability of the first commercial quantum computers has provided a promising tool to tackle NP hard problems which can only be solved heuristically with present techniques. However, it is unclear if the current state of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-01 Hristo N. Djidjev , Guillaume Chapuis , Georg Hahn , Guillaume Rizk

This study addresses the minor-embedding problem, which involves mapping the variables of an Ising model onto a quantum annealing processor. The primary motivation stems from the observed performance disparity of quantum annealers when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Aitor Gomez-Tejedor , Eneko Osaba , Esther Villar-Rodriguez

Several combinatorial optimization problems can be solved with NISQ devices once that a corresponding quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) form is derived. The aim of this work is to drastically reduce the variables needed for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Dario De Santis , Salvatore Tirone , Stefano Marmi , Vittorio Giovannetti

Quantum annealing is a quantum algorithm for computing solutions to combinatorial optimization problems. This study proposes a method for minor embedding optimization problems onto sparse quantum annealing hardware graphs called 4-clique…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-19 Elijah Pelofske

We present a general error-correcting scheme for quantum annealing that allows for the encoding of a logical qubit into an arbitrarily large number of physical qubits. Given any Ising model optimization problem, the encoding replaces each…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-01 Walter Vinci , Tameem Albash , Daniel A. Lidar

We use exact enumeration to characterize the solutions of quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problems of less than 21 variables in terms of their distributions of Hamming distances to close-by solutions. We also perform experiments…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Vrinda Mehta , Fengping Jin , Kristel Michielsen , Hans De Raedt

Adiabatic quantum computing has evolved in recent years from a theoretical field into an immensely practical area, a change partially sparked by D-Wave System's quantum annealing hardware. These multimillion-dollar quantum annealers offer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-28 Timothy D. Goodrich , Travis S. Humble , Blair D. Sullivan

The Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems are NP hard; thus, so far, there are no algorithms to solve them efficiently. There are exact methods like the Branch-and-Bound algorithm for smaller problems, and for larger…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-08 Máté Tibor Veszeli , Gábor Vattay

Achieving densely connected hardware graphs is a challenge for most quantum computing platforms today, and a particularly crucial one for the case of quantum annealing applications. In this context, we present a scalable architecture for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-02 Ana Palacios , Artur Garcia-Saez , Bruno Julia-Diaz , Marta P. Estarellas