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The process of contact tracing to reduce the spread of highly infectious and life-threatening diseases has traditionally been a primarily manual process managed by public health entities. This process becomes challenged when faced with a…
Digital contact tracing approaches based on Bluetooth low energy (BLE) have the potential to efficiently contain and delay outbreaks of infectious diseases such as the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In this work we propose a novel machine…
Mobile applications are being developed for automated logging of contacts via Bluetooth to help scale up digital contact tracing efforts in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. A useful component of such applications is…
Mobile contact tracing apps are -- in principle -- a perfect aid to condemn the human-to-human spread of an infectious disease such as COVID-19 due to the wide use of smartphones worldwide. Yet, the unknown accuracy of contact estimation by…
Due to the COVID 19 pandemic, smartphone-based proximity tracing systems became of utmost interest. Many of these systems use BLE signals to estimate the distance between two persons. The quality of this method depends on many factors and,…
We outline a contact-tracing strategy based on proximity sensing using mobile devices. We discuss what an ideal system should look like and what it can do. We show that, when adopted sufficiently broadly, such a contact-tracing strategy can…
As a response to the global COVID-19 surge in 2020, many countries have implemented lockdown or stay-at-home policies. If, however, the contact persons of every infected patient could be identified, the number of virus transmissions could…
The present paper addresses the task of reliably identifying critical contacts by using COVID-19 tracing apps. A reliable classification is crucial to ensure a high level of protection, and at the same time to prevent many people from being…
Digital contact tracing is being used by many countries to help contain COVID-19's spread in a post-lockdown world. Among the various available techniques, decentralized contact tracing that uses Bluetooth received signal strength…
Businesses planning for the post-pandemic world are looking for innovative ways to protect the health and welfare of their employees and customers. Wireless technologies can play a key role in assisting contact tracing to quickly halt a…
Contact tracing is of paramount importance when it comes to preventing the spreading of infectious diseases. Contact tracing is usually performed manually by authorized personnel. Manual contact tracing is an inefficient, error-prone,…
The problem of mapping human close-range proximity networks has been tackled using a variety of technical approaches. Wearable electronic devices, in particular, have proven to be particularly successful in a variety of settings relevant…
The coronavirus pandemic is a new reality and it severely affects the modus vivendi of the international community. In this context, governments are rushing to devise or embrace novel surveillance mechanisms and monitoring systems to fight…
Contact tracing is a method used by public health organisations to try prevent the spread of infectious diseases in the community. Traditionally performed by manual contact tracers, more recently the use of apps have been considered…
Digital contact tracing is one of the actions useful, in combination with other measures, to manage an epidemic diffusion of an infection disease in an after-lock-down phase. This is a very timely issue, due to the pandemic of COVID-19 we…
In this report, we present our solution to the challenge provided by the SFI Centre for Machine Learning (ML-Labs) in which the distance between two phones needs to be estimated. It is a modified version of the NIST Too Close For Too Long…
Smartphone apps for exposure notification and contact tracing have been shown to be effective in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. However, Bluetooth Low Energy tokens similar to those broadcast by existing apps can still be picked up far…
We report on measurements of Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) received signal strength taken on mobile handsets in a variety of common, real-world settings. We note that a key difficulty is obtaining the ground truth as to when people are in close…
Distance estimation is vital for localization and many other applications in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Particularly, it is desirable to implement distance estimation as well as localization without using specific hardware in low-cost…
The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in a variety of approaches for managing infection outbreaks in international populations. One example is mobile phone applications, which attempt to alert infected individuals and their contacts by…