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Recent trends in natural language processing research and annotation tasks affirm a paradigm shift from the traditional reliance on a single ground truth to a focus on individual perspectives, particularly in subjective tasks. In scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Olufunke O. Sarumi , Béla Neuendorf , Joan Plepi , Lucie Flek , Jörg Schlötterer , Charles Welch

This paper is on active learning where the goal is to reduce the data annotation burden by interacting with a (human) oracle during training. Standard active learning methods ask the oracle to annotate data samples. Instead, we take a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-03 Miriam W. Huijser , Jan C. van Gemert

Beyond exploring disaggregated labels for modeling perspectives, annotator rationales provide fine-grained signals of individual perspectives. In this work, we propose a framework for jointly modeling annotator-specific label prediction and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Olufunke O. Sarumi , Charles Welch , Daniel Braun

Deep neural networks have reached high accuracy on object detection but their success hinges on large amounts of labeled data. To reduce the labels dependency, various active learning strategies have been proposed, typically based on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Ismail Elezi , Zhiding Yu , Anima Anandkumar , Laura Leal-Taixe , Jose M. Alvarez

Argument Mining (AM) involves identifying and extracting Argumentative Components (ACs) and their corresponding Argumentative Relations (ARs). Most of the prior works have broken down these tasks into multiple sub-tasks. Existing end-to-end…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Nilmadhab Das , Vishal Choudhary , V. Vijaya Saradhi , Ashish Anand

Deep active learning (DAL) seeks to reduce annotation costs by enabling the model to actively query instance annotations from which it expects to learn the most. Despite extensive research, there is currently no standardized evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Lukas Rauch , Matthias Aßenmacher , Denis Huseljic , Moritz Wirth , Bernd Bischl , Bernhard Sick

Textual data annotation, the process of labeling or tagging text with relevant information, is typically costly, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential as direct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yu-Min Tseng , Wei-Lin Chen , Chung-Chi Chen , Hsin-Hsi Chen

Active learning strategically selects informative unlabeled data points and queries their ground truth labels for model training. The prevailing assumption underlying this machine learning paradigm is that acquiring these ground truth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Wenxiao Xiao , Hongfu Liu

Recent works have emerged in multi-annotator learning that shift focus from Consensus-oriented Learning (CoL), which aggregates multiple annotations into a single ground-truth prediction, to Individual Tendency Learning (ITL), which models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Liyun Zhang , Fengkai Liu , Xuanmeng Sha , Bowen Wang , Hong Liu , Zheng Lian

In this work we propose a pragmatic method that reduces the annotation cost for structured label spaces using active learning. Our approach leverages partial annotation, which reduces labeling costs for structured outputs by selecting only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Zhisong Zhang , Emma Strubell , Eduard Hovy

Active learning emerged as an alternative to alleviate the effort to label huge amount of data for data hungry applications (such as image/video indexing and retrieval, autonomous driving, etc.). The goal of active learning is to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Minghan Li , Xialei Liu , Joost van de Weijer , Bogdan Raducanu

Interactive learning is a process in which a machine learning algorithm is provided with meaningful, well-chosen examples as opposed to randomly chosen examples typical in standard supervised learning. In this paper, we propose a new method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-07-26 Shankar Vembu , Sandra Zilles

In the world of big data, large but costly to label datasets dominate many fields. Active learning, a semi-supervised alternative to the standard PAC-learning model, was introduced to explore whether adaptive labeling could learn concepts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Max Hopkins , Daniel M. Kane , Shachar Lovett

Supervised learning typically relies on manual annotation of the true labels. When there are many potential classes, searching for the best one can be prohibitive for a human annotator. On the other hand, comparing two candidate labels is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Gal Yona , Shay Moran , Gal Elidan , Amir Globerson

Active Learning (AL) promises to reduce annotation cost by prioritizing informative samples, yet its reliability is undermined when labels are noisy or when the data distribution shifts. In practice, annotators make mistakes, rare…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Atharv Goel , Sharat Agarwal , Saket Anand , Chetan Arora

Human annotations are vital to supervised learning, yet annotators often disagree on the correct label, especially as annotation tasks increase in complexity. A strategy to improve label quality is to ask multiple annotators to label the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Alexander Braylan , Madalyn Marabella , Omar Alonso , Matthew Lease

Supervised fine-tuning of large language models relies on human-annotated data, yet annotation pipelines routinely involve multiple crowdworkers of heterogeneous expertise. Standard practice aggregates labels via majority vote or simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sajjad Ghiasvand , Mark Beliaev , Mahnoosh Alizadeh , Ramtin Pedarsani

Process Reward Models (PRMs) provide step-level supervision to large language models (LLMs), but scaling up training data annotation remains challenging for both humans and LLMs. To address this limitation, we propose an active learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Keyu Duan , Zichen Liu , Xin Mao , Tianyu Pang , Changyu Chen , Qiguang Chen , Michael Qizhe Shieh , Longxu Dou

When annotators disagree, predicting the labels given by individual annotators can capture nuances overlooked by traditional label aggregation. We introduce three approaches to predicting individual annotator ratings on the toxicity of text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Harbani Jaggi , Kashyap Murali , Eve Fleisig , Erdem Bıyık

Training a real-time gesture recognition model heavily relies on annotated data. However, manual data annotation is costly and demands substantial human effort. In order to address this challenge, we propose a framework that can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Junxiao Shen , Xuhai Xu , Ran Tan , Amy Karlson , Evan Strasnick