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Transformer-based language models exhibit complex and distributed behavior, yet their internal computations remain poorly understood. Existing mechanistic interpretability methods typically treat attention heads and multilayer perceptron…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Areeb Ahmad , Abhinav Joshi , Ashutosh Modi

Discriminative features play an important role in image and object classification and also in other fields of research such as semi-supervised learning, fine-grained classification, out of distribution detection. Inspired by Linear…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Mai Lan Ha , Gianni Franchi , Emanuel Aldea , Volker Blanz

Most multilayer least squares (LS)-based neural networks are structured with two separate stages: unsupervised feature encoding and supervised pattern classification. Once the unsupervised learning is finished, the latent encoding would be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Wandong Zhang , QM Jonathan Wu , Yimin Yang , WG Will Zhao , Tianlei Wang , Hui Zhang

Neural networks (NNs) achieve outstanding performance in many domains; however, their decision processes are often opaque and their inference can be computationally expensive in resource-constrained environments. We recently proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Chang Yue , Niraj K. Jha

Multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) remain fundamental to modern deep learning, yet their algorithmic details are rarely presented in complete, explicit \emph{batch matrix-form}. Rather, most references express gradients per sample or rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Wieger Wesselink , Bram Grooten , Huub van de Wetering , Qiao Xiao , Decebal Constantin Mocanu

Embedding based models have been the state of the art in collaborative filtering for over a decade. Traditionally, the dot product or higher order equivalents have been used to combine two or more embeddings, e.g., most notably in matrix…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Steffen Rendle , Walid Krichene , Li Zhang , John Anderson

This paper presents an unsupervised multi-modal learning system that learns associative representation from two input modalities, or channels, such that input on one channel will correctly generate the associated response at the other and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2014-01-14 Ti Wang , Daniel L. Silver

Models with transparent inner structure and high classification performance are required to reduce potential risk and provide trust for users in domains like health care, finance, security, etc. However, existing models are hard to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Zhuo Wang , Wei Zhang , Ning Liu , Jianyong Wang

A novel approach for supervised classification analysis for high dimensional and flat data (more variables than observations) is proposed. We use the information of class-membership of observations to determine groups of observations…

Solving geometric tasks involving point clouds by using machine learning is a challenging problem. Standard feed-forward neural networks combine linear or, if the bias parameter is included, affine layers and activation functions. Their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Pavlo Melnyk , Michael Felsberg , Mårten Wadenbäck

Despite significant progress in transformer interpretability, an understanding of the computational mechanisms of large language models (LLMs) remains a fundamental challenge. Many approaches interpret a network's hidden representations but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 James R. Golden

Locating and editing knowledge in large language models (LLMs) is crucial for enhancing their accuracy, safety, and inference rationale. We introduce ``concept editing'', an innovative variation of knowledge editing that uncovers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Nura Aljaafari , Danilo S. Carvalho , André Freitas

While deep neural networks (DNNs) have become a standard architecture for many machine learning tasks, their internal decision-making process and general interpretability is still poorly understood. Conversely, common decision trees are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Coenraad Mouton , Marelie H. Davel

A deep neural network (DNN) consists of a nonlinear transformation from an input to a feature representation, followed by a common softmax linear classifier. Though many efforts have been devoted to designing a proper architecture for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-20 Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Jun Zhu

It is well-known that the distribution over functions induced through a zero-mean iid prior distribution over the parameters of a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) converges to a Gaussian process (GP), under mild conditions. We extend this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Russell Tsuchida , Fred Roosta , Marcus Gallagher

A mechanistic understanding of how MLPs do computation in deep neural networks remains elusive. Current interpretability work can extract features from hidden activations over an input dataset but generally cannot explain how MLP weights…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Michael T. Pearce , Thomas Dooms , Alice Rigg , Jose M. Oramas , Lee Sharkey

We propose a new type of hidden layer for a multilayer perceptron, and demonstrate that it obtains the best reported performance for an MLP on the MNIST dataset.

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-01-23 Ian J. Goodfellow

Learning discriminative representations for subtle localized details plays a significant role in Fine-grained Visual Categorization (FGVC). Compared to previous attention-based works, our work does not explicitly define or localize the part…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Ranran Huang , Yu Wang , Huazhong Yang

State-of-the-art Neural Network Architectures (NNAs) are challenging to design and implement efficiently in hardware. In the past couple of years, this has led to an explosion in research and development of automatic Neural Architecture…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Philip Colangelo , Oren Segal , Alex Speicher , Martin Margala

We investigate the impact of channel-wise mixing via multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) on the generalization capabilities of recurrent convolutional networks. Specifically, we compare two architectures: DARC (Depth Aware Recurrent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Nathan Breslow