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We propose a framework to learn to schedule a job-shop problem (JSSP) using a graph neural network (GNN) and reinforcement learning (RL). We formulate the scheduling process of JSSP as a sequential decision-making problem with graph…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Junyoung Park , Jaehyeong Chun , Sang Hun Kim , Youngkook Kim , Jinkyoo Park

Job shop scheduling problems (JSSPs) represent a critical and challenging class of combinatorial optimization problems. Recent years have witnessed a rapid increase in the application of graph neural networks (GNNs) to solve JSSPs, albeit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Igor G. Smit , Jianan Zhou , Robbert Reijnen , Yaoxin Wu , Jian Chen , Cong Zhang , Zaharah Bukhsh , Yingqian Zhang , Wim Nuijten

The classical Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) focuses on optimizing makespan under deterministic constraints. Real-world production environments introduce additional complexities that cause traditional scheduling approaches to be less…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Jonathan Hoss , Felix Schelling , Noah Klarmann

Efficient job allocation in complex scheduling problems poses significant challenges in real-world applications. In this report, we propose a novel approach that leverages the power of Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Graph Neural Networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Lars C. P. M. Quaedvlieg

Recent studies in using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to solve Job-shop scheduling problems (JSSP) focus on construction heuristics. However, their performance is still far from optimality, mainly because the underlying graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Cong Zhang , Zhiguang Cao , Wen Song , Yaoxin Wu , Jie Zhang

This paper explores the potential application of Deep Reinforcement Learning in the furniture industry. To offer a broad product portfolio, most furniture manufacturers are organized as a job shop, which ultimately results in the Job Shop…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Malte Schneevogt , Karsten Binninger , Noah Klarmann

Job-Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) is a combinatorial optimization problem where tasks need to be scheduled on machines in order to minimize criteria such as makespan or delay. To address more realistic scenarios, we associate a probability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Guillaume Infantes , Stéphanie Roussel , Pierre Pereira , Antoine Jacquet , Emmanuel Benazera

The Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) is a classical scheduling problem that has received significant attention due to of its numerous applications in industry. However, in practice, task durations are subject to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Guillaume Infantes , Stéphanie Roussel , Antoine Jacquet , Emmanuel Benazera

Solving job shop scheduling problems (JSSPs) with a fixed strategy, such as a priority dispatching rule, may yield satisfactory results for several problem instances but, nevertheless, insufficient results for others. From this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Constantin Waubert de Puiseau , Hasan Tercan , Tobias Meisen

We propose ScheduleNet, a RL-based real-time scheduler, that can solve various types of multi-agent scheduling problems. We formulate these problems as a semi-MDP with episodic reward (makespan) and learn ScheduleNet, a decentralized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Junyoung Park , Sanjar Bakhtiyar , Jinkyoo Park

The job shop scheduling problem is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem relevant to manufacturing and timetabling. Traditional approaches use priority dispatching rules based on simple heuristics. Recent work has attempted to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Pablo Ariño Fernández

The Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) is commonly formulated as a disjunctive graph in which nodes represent operations and edges encode technological precedence constraints as well as machine-sharing conflicts. Most existing reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Bulent Soykan

Reinforcement learning is well known for its ability to model sequential tasks and learn latent data patterns adaptively. Deep learning models have been widely explored and adopted in regression and classification tasks. However, deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Thanveer Shaik , Xiaohui Tao , Haoran Xie , Lin Li , Jianming Yong , Yuefeng Li

Modern robotic manufacturing requires collision-free coordination of multiple robots to complete numerous tasks in shared, obstacle-rich workspaces. Although individual tasks may be simple in isolation, automated joint task allocation,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Matthew Lai , Keegan Go , Zhibin Li , Torsten Kroger , Stefan Schaal , Kelsey Allen , Jonathan Scholz

This paper proposes a novel Variational Graph-to-Scheduler (VG2S) framework for solving the Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP), a critical task in manufacturing that directly impacts operational efficiency and resource utilization.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Seung Heon Oh , Jiwon Baek , Ki Young Cho , Hee Chang Yoon , Jong Hun Woo

Effective resource utilization and decreased makespan in heterogeneous High Performance Computing (HPC) environments are key benefits of workload mapping and scheduling. Tools such as Snakemake, a workflow management solution, employ…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Aasish Kumar Sharma , Julian Kunkel

Job-shop scheduling problem (JSP) is a mathematical optimization problem widely used in industries like manufacturing, and flexible JSP (FJSP) is also a common variant. Since they are NP-hard, it is intractable to find the optimal solution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Kuo-Hao Ho , Ruei-Yu Jheng , Ji-Han Wu , Fan Chiang , Yen-Chi Chen , Yuan-Yu Wu , I-Chen Wu

In this work, we introduce Graph Pointer Networks (GPNs) trained using reinforcement learning (RL) for tackling the traveling salesman problem (TSP). GPNs build upon Pointer Networks by introducing a graph embedding layer on the input,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Qiang Ma , Suwen Ge , Danyang He , Darshan Thaker , Iddo Drori

In scheduling problems common in the industry and various real-world scenarios, responding in real-time to disruptive events is essential. Recent methods propose the use of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to learn policies capable of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Imanol Echeverria , Maialen Murua , Roberto Santana

The Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem (FJSP) is the optimal allocation of a set of jobs to machines. Two primary challenges persist in FJSP: the unpredictable arrival of future jobs and the combinatorial complexity of the problem,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yu Tang , Muhammad Zakwan , Efe Balta , John Lygeros , Alisa Rupenyan
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