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Hadronization is a fundamental process occurring at a distance scale of about $1\,\rm fm \simeq \Lambda_{QCD}^{-1} $, hence within non-perturbative dynamics. In elementary collisions, like $e^+e^-$, $e^-p$, or $pp$, phenomenological…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-01 Rainer J. Fries , Vincenzo Greco , Ralf Rapp

We extend the previously developed small $x$ parton shower algorithm to include the kinematic constraint effect and $k_t$ resummation effect. This work enables the Monte Carlo generator to simultaneously resum large $k_t$ and small $x$…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-07-11 Yu Shi , Shu-Yi Wei , Jian Zhou

We review the physics basis, main features and use of general-purpose Monte Carlo event generators for the simulation of proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Topics included are: the generation of hard-scattering matrix…

HERWIG is a general-purpose Monte Carlo event generator, which includes the simulation of hard lepton-lepton, lepton-hadron and hadron-hadron scattering and soft hadron-hadron collisions in one package. It uses the parton-shower approach…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-06-15 G. Corcella , I. G. Knowles , G. Marchesini , S. Moretti , K. Odagiri , P. Richardson , M. H. Seymour , B. R. Webber

A novel hybrid Monte Carlo transport scheme is demonstrated in a scene with solar illumination, scattering and absorbing 2D atmosphere, a textured reflecting mountain, and a small detector located in the sky (mounted on a satellite or a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-28 Guillaume Bal , Anthony Davis , Ian Langmore

We present a Monte-Carlo approach to prompt-photon production, where photons and QCD partons are treated democratically. The photon fragmentation function is modelled by an interleaved QCD+QED parton shower. This known technique is improved…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-20 Stefan Hoeche , Steffen Schumann , Frank Siegert

Production of quarks and gluons in hadron collisions tests Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) over a wide range of energy. Models of QCD are implemented in event generators to simulate hadron collisions and evolution of quarks and gluons into…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-12-19 S. K. Kundu , T. Sarkar , M. Maity

The Pythia event generator is used in several contexts to study hadron and lepton interactions, notably $pp$ and $p\bar{p}$ collisions. In this article we extend the hadronic modelling to encompass the collision of a wide range of hadrons…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-01-26 Torbjörn Sjöstrand , Marius Utheim

We present a calculation of heavy-flavor production in hadronic collisions in association with one jet matched to parton shower Monte Carlo programs at next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD. Top-quark decays are included and spin…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-30 Simone Alioli , Sven-Olaf Moch , Peter Uwer

The modelling of the formation of colour-singlet hadrons from coloured partons, known as Hadronization, is crucial for generating realistic events in Monte Carlo Event Generators. Due to limited understanding of the non-perturbative regime,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-03 Michaela Divisova , Miroslav Myska , Pratixan Sarmah , Andrzej Siódmok

This lecture discusses the physics implemented by Monte Carlo event generators for hadron colliders. It details the construction of parton showers and the matching of parton showers to fixed-order calculations at higher orders in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-19 Stefan Höche

We present a method to combine the all-order treatment of the High Energy Jets exclusive partonic Monte Carlo (HEJ) with the parton shower of Pythia8, while retaining the logarithmic accuracy of both. This procedure enables the generation…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-09-19 Jeppe R. Andersen , Helen M. Brooks , Leif Lönnblad

In double parton scattering (DPS), two partonic collisions take place between one pair of colliding hadrons. The effect of DPS can be significant for precision measurements due to the additional radiation from secondary partonic collisions,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-02-06 Max Jaarsma , Rudi Rahn , Wouter J. Waalewijn

This thesis discusses the phenomenological parton recombination approach to describe hadronization in heavy ion collisions. The very good agreement to RHIC data for the flow coefficients v_2 and v_4 is shown and extrapolations are used to…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-01-26 Daniel Krieg

We present heavy-flavor production in association with one jet in hadronic collisions matched to parton shower Monte Carlo predictions at next-to-leading order QCD with account of top-quark decays and spin correlations. We use the POWHEGBOX…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-06-11 Simone Alioli , Juan Fuster , Adrian Irles , Sven-Olaf Moch , Peter Uwer , Marcel Vos

Understanding the production of quarks and gluons in high energy collisions and their evolution is a very active area of investigation. Monte carlo event generator PYTHIA8 uses the parton shower model to simulate such collisions and is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-02-26 S. K. Kundu , T. Sarkar , M. Maity

This paper presents the method of combining parton shower formalism with perturbative calculations (matrix elements) in form of a Monte-Carlo algorithm for the process g g -> Z b anti-b,consistenlty including the heavy quark masses and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 B. P. Kersevan , I. Hinchliffe , L. Mijovic

We propose a method for combining QCD matrix elements and parton showers in Monte Carlo simulations of hadronic final states in $e^+e^-$ annihilation. The matrix element and parton shower domains are separated at some value $y_{ini}$ of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-02-03 S. Catani , F. Krauss , R. Kuhn , B. R. Webber

We relate the fragmentation functions of partons into mesons and baryons in the framework of recombination of shower partons. The results are in reasonable agreement with the data. The implication is that the meson and baryon fragmentation…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Rudolph C. Hwa , C. B. Yang