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A generative AI model can generate extremely realistic-looking content, posing growing challenges to the authenticity of information. To address the challenges, watermark has been leveraged to detect AI-generated content. Specifically, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Zhengyuan Jiang , Jinghuai Zhang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Potential harms of large language models can be mitigated by watermarking model output, i.e., embedding signals into generated text that are invisible to humans but algorithmically detectable from a short span of tokens. We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 John Kirchenbauer , Jonas Geiping , Yuxin Wen , Jonathan Katz , Ian Miers , Tom Goldstein

Targeted adversarial attacks are widely used to evaluate the robustness of neural machine translation systems. Unfortunately, this paper first identifies a critical issue in the existing settings of NMT targeted adversarial attacks, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Junjie Wu , Lemao Liu , Wei Bi , Dit-Yan Yeung

Embeddings-as-a-Service (EaaS) is a service offered by large language model (LLM) developers to supply embeddings generated by LLMs. Previous research suggests that EaaS is prone to imitation attacks -- attacks that clone the underlying…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Anudeex Shetty , Qiongkai Xu , Jey Han Lau

Unnatural text correction aims to automatically detect and correct spelling errors or adversarial perturbation errors in sentences. Existing methods typically rely on fine-tuning or adversarial training to correct errors, which have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Xuan Feng , Tianlong Gu , Xiaoli Liu , Liang Chang

As AI advances, copyrighted content faces growing risk of unauthorized use, whether through model training or direct misuse. Building upon invisible adversarial perturbation, recent works developed copyright protections against specific AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Tianci Liu , Tong Yang , Quan Zhang , Qi Lei

Large Language Model (LLM) watermarking is crucial for establishing the provenance of machine-generated text, but most existing methods rely on a centralized trust model. This model forces users to reveal potentially sensitive text to a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Xiaokun Luan , Yihao Zhang , Pengcheng Su , Feiran Lei , Meng Sun

Adversarial training has shown impressive success in learning bilingual dictionary without any parallel data by mapping monolingual embeddings to a shared space. However, recent work has shown superior performance for non-adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Tasnim Mohiuddin , Shafiq Joty

Social networks have become an indispensable part of our lives, with billions of people producing ever-increasing amounts of text. At such scales, content policies and their enforcement become paramount. To automate moderation, questionable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Rasika Bhalerao , Mohammad Al-Rubaie , Anand Bhaskar , Igor Markov

Digital watermarking has been widely used to protect the copyright and integrity of multimedia data. Previous studies mainly focus on designing watermarking techniques that are robust to attacks of destroying the embedded watermarks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Ruowei Wang , Chenguo Lin , Qijun Zhao , Feiyu Zhu

Watermarking embeds information into digital content like images, audio, or text, imperceptible to humans but robustly detectable by specific algorithms. This technology has important applications in many challenges of the industry such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Pierre Fernandez

Training a robust system, e.g.,Speech to Text (STT), requires large datasets. Variability present in the dataset such as unwanted nuisances and biases are the reason for the need of large datasets to learn general representations. In this…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Hemant Yadav , Atul Anshuman Singh , Rachit Mittal , Sunayana Sitaram , Yi Yu , Rajiv Ratn Shah

Frequency spectrum has played a significant role in learning unique and discriminating features for object recognition. Both low and high frequency information present in images have been extracted and learnt by a host of representation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Divyam Anshumaan , Akshay Agarwal , Mayank Vatsa , Richa Singh

Watermarking provides a critical safeguard for large language model (LLM) services by facilitating the detection of LLM-generated text. Correspondingly, stealing watermark algorithms (SWAs) derive watermark information from watermarked…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Shuhao Zhang , Yuli Chen , Jiale Han , Bo Cheng , Jiabao Ma

Adversarial examples contain carefully crafted perturbations that can fool deep neural networks (DNNs) into making wrong predictions. Enhancing the adversarial robustness of DNNs has gained considerable interest in recent years. Although…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Shao-Yuan Lo , Vishal M. Patel

Prevailing practice in learning-based audio watermarking is to pursue robustness by expanding the set of simulated distortions during training. However, such surrogates are narrow and prone to overfitting. This paper presents AWARE (Audio…

In the era of costly pre-training of large language models, ensuring the intellectual property rights of model owners, and insuring that said models are responsibly deployed, is becoming increasingly important. To this end, we propose model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Vaden Masrani , Mohammad Akbari , David Ming Xuan Yue , Ahmad Rezaei , Yong Zhang

We design, implement, and evaluate adversarial decoding, a new, generic text generation technique that produces readable documents for different adversarial objectives. Prior methods either produce easily detectable gibberish, or cannot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Collin Zhang , Tingwei Zhang , Vitaly Shmatikov

Machine learning models have demonstrated vulnerability to adversarial attacks, more specifically misclassification of adversarial examples. In this paper, we investigate an attack-agnostic defense against adversarial attacks on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Shuo Wang , Surya Nepal , Alsharif Abuadbba , Carsten Rudolph , Marthie Grobler

Text classification has become widely used in various natural language processing applications like sentiment analysis. Current applications often use large transformer-based language models to classify input texts. However, there is a lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Ruisi Zhang , Seira Hidano , Farinaz Koushanfar
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