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The creation of benchmarks to evaluate the safety of Large Language Models is one of the key activities within the trusted AI community. These benchmarks allow models to be compared for different aspects of safety such as toxicity, bias,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Lina Berrayana , Sean Rooney , Luis Garcés-Erice , Ioana Giurgiu

Prepared domain specific datasets plays an important role to supervised learning approaches. In this article a new sentence dataset for software quality-in-use is proposed. Three experts were chosen to annotate the data using a proposed…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-09-21 Issa Atoum , Chih How Bong , Narayanan Kulathuramaiyer

While research in robust optimization has attracted considerable interest over the last decades, its algorithmic development has been hindered by several factors. One of them is a missing set of benchmark instances that make algorithm…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-02-11 Marc Goerigk , Stephen J. Maher

Quantitative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Benchmarks have emerged as fundamental tools for evaluating the performance, capability, and safety of AI models and systems. Currently, they shape the direction of AI development and are playing an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Maria Eriksson , Erasmo Purificato , Arman Noroozian , Joao Vinagre , Guillaume Chaslot , Emilia Gomez , David Fernandez-Llorca

Interpretability is an important area of research for safe deployment of machine learning systems. One particular type of interpretability method attributes model decisions to input features. Despite active development, quantitative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Mengjiao Yang , Been Kim

Common machine learning settings range from supervised tasks, where accurately labeled data is accessible, through semi-supervised and weakly-supervised tasks, where target labels are scant or noisy, to unsupervised tasks where labels are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yogev Kriger , Shai Fine

Learning with the \textit{instance-dependent} label noise is challenging, because it is hard to model such real-world noise. Note that there are psychological and physiological evidences showing that we humans perceive instances by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Xiaobo Xia , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han , Nannan Wang , Mingming Gong , Haifeng Liu , Gang Niu , Dacheng Tao , Masashi Sugiyama

Evaluation of reasoning language models gained importance after it was observed that they can combine their existing capabilities into novel traces of intermediate steps before task completion and that the traces can sometimes help them to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Petr Spelda , Vit Stritecky

The versatility of large language models (LLMs) led to the creation of diverse benchmarks that thoroughly test a variety of language models' abilities. These benchmarks consist of tens of thousands of examples making evaluation of LLMs very…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Felipe Maia Polo , Lucas Weber , Leshem Choshen , Yuekai Sun , Gongjun Xu , Mikhail Yurochkin

Benchmarks are crucial to measuring and steering progress in artificial intelligence (AI). However, recent studies raised concerns over the state of AI benchmarking, reporting issues such as benchmark overfitting, benchmark saturation and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Simon Ott , Adriano Barbosa-Silva , Kathrin Blagec , Jan Brauner , Matthias Samwald

The use of relevant metrics of software systems could improve various software engineering tasks, but identifying relationships among metrics is not simple and can be very time consuming. Recommender systems can help with this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-01-23 Maral Azizi , Hyunsook Do

Incomplete data are common in practical applications. Most predictive machine learning models do not handle missing values so they require some preprocessing. Although many algorithms are used for data imputation, we do not understand the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-07 Katarzyna Woźnica , Przemysław Biecek

Ensuring safe and effective use of AI requires understanding and anticipating its performance on novel tasks, from advanced scientific challenges to transformed workplace activities. So far, benchmarking has guided progress in AI, but it…

Many cluster similarity indices are used to evaluate clustering algorithms, and choosing the best one for a particular task remains an open problem. We demonstrate that this problem is crucial: there are many disagreements among the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Martijn Gösgens , Alexey Tikhonov , Liudmila Prokhorenkova

There is a tendency across different subfields in AI to valorize a small collection of influential benchmarks. These benchmarks operate as stand-ins for a range of anointed common problems that are frequently framed as foundational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Inioluwa Deborah Raji , Emily M. Bender , Amandalynne Paullada , Emily Denton , Alex Hanna

Architectures for quantum computing can only be scaled up when they are accompanied by suitable benchmarking techniques. The document provides a comprehensive overview of the state and recommendations for systematic benchmarking of quantum…

Supervised classification heavily depends on datasets annotated by humans. However, in subjective tasks such as toxicity classification, these annotations often exhibit low agreement among raters. Annotations have commonly been aggregated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Negar Mokhberian , Myrl G. Marmarelis , Frederic R. Hopp , Valerio Basile , Fred Morstatter , Kristina Lerman

Model evaluation is a critical component in supervised machine learning classification analyses. Traditional metrics do not currently incorporate case difficulty. This renders the classification results unbenchmarked for generalization.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Adrienne Kline , Joon Lee

Online controlled experiments (A/B tests) have become the gold standard for learning the impact of new product features in technology companies. Randomization enables the inference of causality from an A/B test. The randomized assignment…

Applications · Statistics 2022-12-20 Qike Li , Samir Jamkhande , Pavel Kochetkov , Pai Liu

This paper presents the benchmark score definitions of QPack, an application-oriented cross-platform benchmarking suite for quantum computers and simulators, which makes use of scalable Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-25 Huub Donkers , Koen Mesman , Zaid Al-Ars , Matthias Möller