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The classical simulation of quantum circuits is of central importance for benchmarking near-term quantum devices. The fact that gates belonging to the Clifford group can be simulated efficiently on classical computers has motivated a range…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Tomislav Begušić , Kasra Hejazi , Garnet Kin-Lic Chan

We consider a quantum system with a time-independent Hamiltonian parametrized by a set of unknown parameters $\alpha$. The system is prepared in a general quantum state by an evolution operator that depends on a set of unknown parameters…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-10 Wucheng Zhang , Ilia Tutunnikov , Ilya Sh. Averbukh , Roman V. Krems

Quantum Variational Circuits (QVCs) are often claimed as one of the most potent uses of both near term and long term quantum hardware. The standard approaches to optimizing these circuits rely on a classical system to compute the new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-11 Owen Lockwood

In a recent work arXiv:2201.07655v2 we showed that there is a constant $\lambda >0$ such that it is possible to efficiently classically simulate a quantum system in which (i) qudits are placed on the nodes of a graph, (ii) each qudit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Sahar Atallah , Michael Garn , Yukuan Tao , Shashank Virmani

A consequent approach is proposed to construct symplectic force-gradient algorithms of arbitrarily high orders in the time step for precise integration of motion in classical and quantum mechanics simulations. Within this approach the basic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Igor Omelyan , Ihor Mryglod , Reinhard Folk

The computational cost of exact methods for quantum simulation using classical computers grows exponentially with system size. As a consequence, these techniques can only be applied to small systems. By contrast, we demonstrate that quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-17 Ivan Kassal , Stephen P. Jordan , Peter J. Love , Masoud Mohseni , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

In this paper, we explore an efficient online algorithm for quantum state estimation based on a matrix-exponentiated gradient method previously used in the context of machine learning. The state update is governed by a learning rate that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-28 Akram Youssry , Christopher Ferrie , Marco Tomamichel

The current generation of quantum computing technologies call for quantum algorithms that require a limited number of qubits and quantum gates, and which are robust against errors. A suitable design approach are variational circuits where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-10 Maria Schuld , Alex Bocharov , Krysta Svore , Nathan Wiebe

We present elementary mappings between classical lattice models and quantum circuits. These mappings provide a general framework to obtain efficiently simulable quantum gate sets from exactly solvable classical models. For example, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-20 M. Van den Nest , W. Dür , R. Raussendorf , H. J. Briegel

We present a gradient-based optimal-control technique for open quantum systems that utilizes quantum trajectories to simulate the quantum dynamics during optimization. Using trajectories allows for optimizing open systems with less…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-03 Mohamed Abdelhafez , David I. Schuster , Jens Koch

A milestone in the field of quantum computing will be solving problems in quantum chemistry and materials faster than state-of-the-art classical methods. The current understanding is that achieving quantum advantage in this area will…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-08 Guoming Wang , Daniel Stilck França , Ruizhe Zhang , Shuchen Zhu , Peter D. Johnson

Many near-term quantum computing algorithms are conceived as variational quantum algorithms, in which parameterized quantum circuits are optimized in a hybrid quantum-classical setup. Examples are variational quantum eigensolvers, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-17 Thomas Hubregtsen , Frederik Wilde , Shozab Qasim , Jens Eisert

Performing large-scale, accurate quantum simulations of many-fermion systems is a central challenge in quantum science, with applications in chemistry, materials, and high-energy physics. Despite significant progress, realizing generic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-12 Nishad Maskara , Marcin Kalinowski , Daniel Gonzalez-Cuadra , Mikhail D. Lukin

Variational hybrid quantum-classical algorithms are promising candidates for near-term implementation on quantum computers. In these algorithms, a quantum computer evaluates the cost of a gate sequence (with speedup over classical cost…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-27 Ryan LaRose , Arkin Tikku , Étude O'Neel-Judy , Lukasz Cincio , Patrick J. Coles

Large-scale variational quantum algorithms are widely recognized as a potential pathway to achieve practical quantum advantages. However, the presence of quantum noise might suppress and undermine these advantages, which blurs the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-20 Yuguo Shao , Fuchuan Wei , Song Cheng , Zhengwei Liu

Quantum operations on pure states can be fully represented by unitary matrices. Variational quantum circuits, also known as quantum neural networks, embed data and trainable parameters into gate-based operations and optimize the parameters…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Basil Kyriacou , Mo Kordzanganeh , Maniraman Periyasamy , Alexey Melnikov

Many quantum algorithms make use of oracles which evaluate classical functions on a superposition of inputs. In order to facilitate implementation, testing, and resource estimation of such algorithms, we present quantum circuits for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-01 Thomas Häner , Martin Roetteler , Krysta M. Svore

In recent times, Variational Quantum Circuits (VQC) have been widely adopted to different tasks in machine learning such as Combinatorial Optimization and Supervised Learning. With the growing interest, it is pertinent to study the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-13 Dheeraj Peddireddy , Vipul Bansal , Vaneet Aggarwal

Quantum circuit simulation is paramount to the verification and optimization of quantum algorithms, and considerable research efforts have been made towards efficient simulators. While circuits often contain high-level gates such as oracles…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Adam Husted Kjelstrøm , Andreas Pavlogiannis , Jaco van de Pol

We present a quantum algorithm for the simulation of molecular systems that is asymptotically more efficient than all previous algorithms in the literature in terms of the main problem parameters. As in previous work [Babbush et al., New…