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Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a promising alternative to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for deep learning applications, particularly in resource-constrained systems. This is largely due to their inherent sparsity, influenced by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Ilkin Aliyev. Kama Svoboda , Tosiron Adegbija

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are one of the most successful deep machine learning technologies for processing image, voice and video data. CNNs require large amounts of processing capacity and memory, which can exceed the resources…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-08-17 James Garland , David Gregg

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) require highly efficient matrix multiplication engines for complex computations. This paper presents a systolic array architecture incorporating novel exact and approximate processing elements (PEs), designed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Pragun Jaswal , L. Hemanth Krishna , B. Srinivasu

Convolutional neural network (CNN) achieves excellent performance on fascinating tasks such as image recognition and natural language processing at the cost of high power consumption. Stochastic computing (SC) is an attractive paradigm…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-24 Xinyue Zhang , Yuan Wang , Yawen Zhang , Jiahao Song , Zuodong Zhang , Kaili Cheng , Runsheng Wang , Ru Huang

Current CNN-based super-resolution (SR) methods process all locations equally with computational resources being uniformly assigned in space. However, since missing details in low-resolution (LR) images mainly exist in regions of edges and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Longguang Wang , Xiaoyu Dong , Yingqian Wang , Xinyi Ying , Zaiping Lin , Wei An , Yulan Guo

Due to complex interactions among various deep neural network (DNN) optimization techniques, modern DNNs can have weights and activations that are dense or sparse with diverse sparsity degrees. To offer a good trade-off between accuracy and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Yannan Nellie Wu , Po-An Tsai , Saurav Muralidharan , Angshuman Parashar , Vivienne Sze , Joel S. Emer

The inherent dynamics of the neuron membrane potential in Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) allows processing of sequential learning tasks, avoiding the complexity of recurrent neural networks. The highly-sparse spike-based computations in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Amogh Agrawal , Mustafa Ali , Minsuk Koo , Nitin Rathi , Akhilesh Jaiswal , Kaushik Roy

Sparse-dense linear algebra is crucial in many domains, but challenging to handle efficiently on CPUs, GPUs, and accelerators alike; multiplications with sparse formats like CSR and CSF require indirect memory lookups. In this work, we…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Paul Scheffler , Florian Zaruba , Fabian Schuiki , Torsten Hoefler , Luca Benini

Shifted-and-Duplicated-Kernel (SDK) mapping has emerged as an effective strategy to accelerate convolutional layers on compute-in-memory (CIM) hardware. However, existing SDK variants (e.g., VWC-SDK) merely optimize mapping for a single CIM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Ke Dong , Kejie Huang , Tao Luo , Bo Wang

With recent advancing of Internet of Things (IoTs), it becomes very attractive to implement the deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) onto embedded/portable systems. Presently, executing the software-based DCNNs requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-02-01 Ao Ren , Ji Li , Zhe Li , Caiwen Ding , Xuehai Qian , Qinru Qiu , Bo Yuan , Yanzhi Wang

The rise of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has led to an increase in model size and complexity, straining the memory capacity of GPUs. Sparsity in DNNs, characterized as structural or ephemeral, has gained attention as a solution. This work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Daniel Barley , Holger Fröning

Compute-in-memory (CIM) has emerged as a pivotal direction for accelerating workloads in the field of machine learning, such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). However, the effective exploitation of sparsity in CIM systems presents numerous…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Yingjie Qi , Jianlei Yang , Rubing Yang , Cenlin Duan , Xiaolin He , Ziyan He , Weitao Pan , Weisheng Zhao

Historically, the pursuit of efficient inference has been one of the driving forces behind research into new deep learning architectures and building blocks. Some recent examples include: the squeeze-and-excitation module, depthwise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Erich Elsen , Marat Dukhan , Trevor Gale , Karen Simonyan

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), a prominent type of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), have emerged as a state-of-the-art solution for solving machine learning tasks. To improve the performance and energy efficiency of CNN inference, the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique

RRAM-based multi-core systems improve the energy efficiency and performance of CNNs. Thereby, the distributed parallel execution of convolutional layers causes critical data dependencies that limit the potential speedup. This paper presents…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Rebecca Pelke , Nils Bosbach , Jose Cubero , Felix Staudigl , Rainer Leupers , Jan Moritz Joseph

We introduce the Sparsity Roofline, a visual performance model for evaluating sparsity in neural networks. The Sparsity Roofline jointly models network accuracy, sparsity, and theoretical inference speedup. Our approach does not require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Cameron Shinn , Collin McCarthy , Saurav Muralidharan , Muhammad Osama , John D. Owens

Compute-in-Memory (CIM) and weight sparsity are two effective techniques to reduce data movement during Neural Network (NN) inference. However, they can hardly be employed in the same accelerator simultaneously because CIM requires…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Weiping Yang , Shilin Zhou , Hui Xu , Yujiao Nie , Qimin Zhou , Zhiwei Li , Changlin Chen

The high demand for computational and storage resources severely impede the deployment of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in limited-resource devices. Recent CNN architectures have proposed reduced complexity versions (e.g.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Souvik Kundu , Saurav Prakash , Haleh Akrami , Peter A. Beerel , Keith M. Chugg

Bit-level sparsity in neural network models harbors immense untapped potential. Eliminating redundant calculations of randomly distributed zero-bits significantly boosts computational efficiency. Yet, traditional digital SRAM-PIM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Cenlin Duan , Jianlei Yang , Yiou Wang , Yikun Wang , Yingjie Qi , Xiaolin He , Bonan Yan , Xueyan Wang , Xiaotao Jia , Weisheng Zhao

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been proven to be effective in solving many real-life problems, but its high computation cost prohibits those models from being deployed to edge devices. Pruning, as a method to introduce zeros to model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Fei Sun , Minghai Qin , Tianyun Zhang , Xiaolong Ma , Haoran Li , Junwen Luo , Zihao Zhao , Yen-Kuang Chen , Yuan Xie