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Quantum computing offers unparalleled computational capabilities but faces significant challenges, including limited qubit counts, diverse hardware topologies, and dynamic noise/error rates, which hinder scalability and reliability.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Zefan Du , Yanni Li , Zijian Mo , Wenqi Wei , Juntao Chen , Rajkumar Buyya , Ying Mao

As quantum computing devices increase in size with respect to the number of qubits, two-qubit interactions become more challenging, necessitating innovative and scalable qubit routing solutions. In this work, we introduce beSnake, a novel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-19 Nikiforos Paraskevopoulos , Carmen G. Almudever , Sebastian Feld

NISQ devices have several physical limitations and unavoidable noisy quantum operations, and only small circuits can be executed on a quantum machine to get reliable results. This leads to the quantum hardware under-utilization issue. Here,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Siyuan Niu , Aida Todri-Sanial

With one- and two-qubit gate fidelities approaching the fault-tolerance threshold for spin qubits in silicon, how to scale up the architecture and make large arrays of spin qubits become the more pressing challenges. In a scaled-up…

Noisy, intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) systems are expected to have a few hundred qubits, minimal or no error correction, limited connectivity and limits on the number of gates that can be performed within the short coherence window of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Prakash Murali , Ali Javadi-Abhari , Frederic T. Chong , Margaret Martonosi

Near-term quantum computers are noisy and have limited connectivity between qubits. Compilers are required to introduce SWAP operations in order to perform two-qubit gates between non-adjacent qubits. SWAPs increase the number of gates and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-29 Poulami Das , Suhas K. Vittal , Moinuddin Qureshi

Quantum algorithms need to be compiled to respect the constraints imposed by quantum processors, which is known as the mapping problem. The mapping procedure will result in an increase of the number of gates and of the circuit latency,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-05 Lingling Lao , Hans van Someren , Imran Ashraf , Carmen G. Almudever

Quantum computing (QC) technologies have reached a second renaissance in the last decade. Some fully programmable QC devices have been built based on superconducting or ion trap technologies. Although different quantum technologies have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-22 Yu Zhang , Haowei Deng , Quanxi Li

In Layout Synthesis, the logical qubits of a quantum circuit are mapped to the physical qubits of a given quantum hardware platform, taking into account the connectivity of physical qubits. This involves inserting SWAP gates before an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-29 Irfansha Shaik , Jaco van de Pol

Quantum computers may provide good solutions to combinatorial optimization problems by leveraging the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). The QAOA is often presented as an algorithm for noisy hardware. However, hardware…

Swap mapping is a quantum compiler optimization that, by introducing SWAP gates, maps a logical quantum circuit to an equivalent physically implementable one. The physical implementability of a circuit is determined by the fulfillment of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-06 Nicola Mariella , Sergiy Zhuk

As superconducting qubits continue to advance technologically, the realization of quantum algorithms from theoretical abstraction to physical implementation requires knowledge of both quantum circuit construction as well as hardware…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-25 Daniel Koch , Brett Martin , Saahil Patel , Laura Wessing , Paul M. Alsing

Quantum algorithms can be realized in the form of a quantum circuit. To map quantum circuit for specific quantum algorithm to quantum hardware, qubit mapping is an imperative technique based on the qubit topology. Due to the neighbourhood…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 Amit Saha , Debasri Saha , Amlan Chakrabarti

Due to the physics behind quantum computing, quantum circuit designers must adhere to the constraints posed by the limited interaction distance of qubits. Existing circuits need therefore to be modified via the insertion of SWAP gates,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-21 Jesse Mulderij , Karen I. Aardal , Irina Chiscop , Frank Phillipson

Solving optimization problems is a key task for which quantum computers could possibly provide a speedup over the best known classical algorithms. Particular classes of optimization problems including semi-definite programming (SDP) and…

We propose a novel hierarchical qubit mapping and routing algorithm. First, a circuit is decomposed into blocks that span an identical number of qubits. In the second stage permutation-aware synthesis (PAS), each block is optimized and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-05 Ji Liu , Ed Younis , Mathias Weiden , Paul Hovland , John Kubiatowicz , Costin Iancu

Distributed quantum computing offers a potential solution to the complexity of superconducting chip hardware layouts and error correction algorithms. High-quality gates between distributed chips enable the simplification of existing error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Yunan Li , Xi Zhang , Weixin Zhang , Ruonan Guo , Yu Zhang , Xinsheng Tan , Yang Yu

Quantum devices in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era are limited by high error rates and short decoherence times. Typically, compiler optimisations have provided solutions at the gate level. Alternatively, we exploit the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-16 Lilian Hunt Alan Robertson

Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices pave the way to implement quantum algorithms that exhibit supremacy over their classical counterparts. Due to the intrinsic noise and decoherence in the physical system, NISQ computations are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-12 Entong He , Yuxiang Yang

Scalable quantum computation demands high-fidelity two-qubit gates. However, decoherence and control errors are inevitable, which can decrease the quality of implemented quantum operations. We propose a robust iSWAP gate protocol for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Qi-Pei Liu , Zheng-Yuan Xue