English
Related papers

Related papers: Model extraction from counterfactual explanations

200 papers

Deep neural networks, while powerful for image classification, often operate as "black boxes," complicating the understanding of their decision-making processes. Various explanation methods, particularly those generating saliency maps, aim…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Tristan Gomez , Harold Mouchère

Post-hoc explanations for black box models have been studied extensively in classification and regression settings. However, explanations for models that output similarity between two inputs have received comparatively lesser attention. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy , Amit Dhurandhar , Dennis Wei , Zaid Bin Tariq

Neural networks for NLP are becoming increasingly complex and widespread, and there is a growing concern if these models are responsible to use. Explaining models helps to address the safety and ethical concerns and is essential for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Andreas Madsen , Siva Reddy , Sarath Chandar

Transformer language models are state of the art in a multitude of NLP tasks. Despite these successes, their opaqueness remains problematic. Recent methods aiming to provide interpretability and explainability to black-box models primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Felix Friedrich , Patrick Schramowski , Christopher Tauchmann , Kristian Kersting

Post-hoc explanation methods provide interpretation by attributing predictions to input features. Natural explanations are expected to interpret how the inputs lead to the predictions. Thus, a fundamental question arises: Do these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Zhen Tan , Song Wang , Yifan Li , Yu Kong , Jundong Li , Tianlong Chen , Huan Liu

Many researchers have suggested that local post-hoc explanation algorithms can be used to gain insights into the behavior of complex machine learning models. However, theoretical guarantees about such algorithms only exist for simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Eric Günther , Balázs Szabados , Robi Bhattacharjee , Sebastian Bordt , Ulrike von Luxburg

Estimating how well a machine learning model performs during inference is critical in a variety of scenarios (for example, to quantify uncertainty, or to choose from a library of available models). However, the standard accuracy estimate of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Xuechen Zhang , Samet Oymak , Jiasi Chen

Transparency is an essential requirement of machine learning based decision making systems that are deployed in real world. Often, transparency of a given system is achieved by providing explanations of the behavior and predictions of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-18 André Artelt , Barbara Hammer

Attention-based architectures, in particular transformers, are at the heart of a technological revolution. Interestingly, in addition to helping obtain state-of-the-art results on a wide range of applications, the attention mechanism…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-22 Gianluigi Lopardo , Frederic Precioso , Damien Garreau

We develop a method for generating causal post-hoc explanations of black-box classifiers based on a learned low-dimensional representation of the data. The explanation is causal in the sense that changing learned latent factors produces a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Matthew O'Shaughnessy , Gregory Canal , Marissa Connor , Mark Davenport , Christopher Rozell

Counterfactual explanations have emerged as a popular solution for the eXplainable AI (XAI) problem of elucidating the predictions of black-box deep-learning systems due to their psychological validity, flexibility across problem domains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Eoin Delaney , Arjun Pakrashi , Derek Greene , Mark T. Keane

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has aided machine learning (ML) researchers with the power of scrutinizing the decisions of the black-box models. XAI methods enable looking deep inside the models' behavior, eventually generating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Maraz Mia , Mir Mehedi A. Pritom

The use of sophisticated machine learning models for critical decision making is faced with a challenge that these models are often applied as a "black-box". This has led to an increased interest in interpretable machine learning, where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Catarina Moreira , Yu-Liang Chou , Mythreyi Velmurugan , Chun Ouyang , Renuka Sindhgatta , Peter Bruza

Cloud service providers have launched Machine-Learning-as-a-Service (MLaaS) platforms to allow users to access large-scale cloudbased models via APIs. In addition to prediction outputs, these APIs can also provide other information in a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Yongjie Wang , Hangwei Qian , Chunyan Miao

Counterfactual explanations are a prominent example of post-hoc interpretability methods in the explainable Artificial Intelligence research domain. They provide individuals with alternative scenarios and a set of recommendations to achieve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Andrea Ferrario , Michele Loi

Saliency post-hoc explainability methods are important tools for understanding increasingly complex NLP models. While these methods can reflect the model's reasoning, they may not align with human intuition, making the explanations not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Lucas E. Resck , Marcos M. Raimundo , Jorge Poco

A key challenge facing natural language interfaces is enabling users to understand the capabilities of the underlying system. We propose a novel approach for generating explanations of a natural language interface based on semantic parsing.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-29 George Tolkachev , Stephen Mell , Steve Zdancewic , Osbert Bastani

Counterfactual explanations offer an intuitive and straightforward way to explain black-box models and offer algorithmic recourse to individuals. To address the need for plausible explanations, existing work has primarily relied on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Patrick Altmeyer , Mojtaba Farmanbar , Arie van Deursen , Cynthia C. S. Liem

In a model extraction attack, an adversary steals a copy of a remotely deployed machine learning model, given oracle prediction access. We taxonomize model extraction attacks around two objectives: *accuracy*, i.e., performing well on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Matthew Jagielski , Nicholas Carlini , David Berthelot , Alex Kurakin , Nicolas Papernot

Although counterfactual explanations are a popular approach to explain ML black-box classifiers, they are less widespread in NLP. Most methods find those explanations by iteratively perturbing the target document until it is classified…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Julien Delaunay , Luis Galárraga , Christine Largouët