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Whitham and Benjamin predicted in 1967 that small-amplitude periodic traveling Stokes waves of the 2d-gravity water waves equations are linearly unstable with respect to long-wave perturbations, if the depth $\mathtt h$ is larger than a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-06-06 Massimiliano Berti , Alberto Maspero , Paolo Ventura

We study the modulational instability of smooth, small-amplitude periodic traveling wave solutions to the $b$-family of Novikov equation with cubic nonlinearity with an arbitrary coefficient $b>0$. Our approach is based on applying spectral…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Xin Zhao , Lin Lu , Aiyong Chen

We analyze the spectral stability of small-amplitude, periodic, traveling-wave solutions of a Boussinesq-Whitham system. These solutions are shown numerically to exhibit high-frequency instabilities when subject to bounded perturbations on…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-02-11 Ryan Creedon , Bernard Deconinck , Olga Trichtchenko

We address Euler's equations for irrotational gravity waves in an infinitely deep fluid rewritten in conformal variables. Stokes waves are traveling waves with the smooth periodic profile. In agreement with the previous numerical results,…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-03-21 Sergey Dyachenko , Dmitry E. Pelinovsky

A Stokes wave is a traveling free-surface periodic water wave that is constant in the direction transverse to the direction of propagation. In 1981 McLean discovered via numerical methods that Stokes waves at infinite depth are unstable…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-12-15 Ryan P. Creedon , Huy Q. Nguyen , W. A. Strauss

We propose a shallow water model which combines the dispersion relation of water waves and the Boussinesq equations, and which extends the Whitham equation to permit bidirectional propagation. We establish that its sufficiently small,…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-08-17 Vera Mikyoung Hur , Ashish Kumar Pandey

This study presents a detailed investigation of the modulational stability of interfacial wave packets in a two-layer inviscid incompressible fluid with finite layer thicknesses and interfacial surface tension. The stability analysis is…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-11-20 Olga Avramenko , Volodymyr Naradovyi

We prove high-frequency modulational instability of small-amplitude Stokes waves in deep water under longitudinal perturbations, providing the first isola of unstable eigenvalues branching off from $\mathtt{i}\frac34$. Unlike the finite…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-01-29 Massimiliano Berti , Alberto Maspero , Paolo Ventura

In this paper we consider a family of generalized Korteweg-de Vries equations and study the linear modulational instability of small amplitude traveling waves solutions. Under explicit non-degeneracy conditions on the dispersion relation,…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-04-10 Alberto Maspero , Antonio Milosh Radakovic

We determine the stability and instability of a sufficiently small and periodic traveling wave to long wavelength perturbations, for a nonlinear dispersive equation which extends a Camassa-Holm equation to include all the dispersion of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-03-01 Vera Mikyoung Hur , Ashish K. Pandey

This paper sets out to explore the modulational (or Benjamin-Feir) instability of a monochromatic wave propagating in the presence of damping such as that induced by sea-ice on the ocean surface. The fundamental wave motion is modelled…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-03-12 Raphael Stuhlmeier , Conor Heffernan , Alberto Alberello , Emilian Părău

We study the spectral stability of small-amplitude Stokes waves in a family of weakly nonlinear, unidirectional models of the form $u_t + L u + (u^2)_x = 0$. We introduce a perturbation method to expand the spectral data in wave amplitude…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Benjamin Akers , Ryan P. Creedon

We study the two-dimensional gravity-capillary water waves equations for a fluid of finite depth $\mathtt{h}>0$ under the combined effects of gravity and surface tension $\kappa \geq 0$. We analyze the linear stability and instability of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-11-06 Ting-Yang Hsiao , Alberto Maspero

Periodic water waves of permanent form traveling at constant speed, the so-called Stokes waves, are studied in water of fixed finite depth using methods previously used in water of infinite depth. We apply our methods to waves of varying…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2026-04-01 Eleanor Byrnes , Bernard Deconinck , Anastassiya Semenova

We study the spectral stability of smooth, small-amplitude periodic traveling wave solutions of the Novikov equation, which is a Camassa-Holm type equation with cubic nonlinearities. Specifically, we investigate the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-08-06 Brett Ehrman , Mathew A. Johnson , Stéphane Lafortune

Periodic travelling waves at the free surface of an incompressible inviscid fluid in two dimensions under gravity are numerically computed for an arbitrary vorticity distribution. The fluid domain over one period is conformally mapped from…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-02-26 Alex Doak , Vera Mikyoung Hur , Jean-Marc Vanden-Broeck

The existence of periodic waves propagating downstream on the surface of a two-dimensional infinitely deep water under gravity is established for a general class of vorticities. When reformulated as an elliptic boundary value problem in a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2009-12-02 Vera Mikyoung Hur

We consider the two-dimensional problem for steady water waves with vorticity on water of finite depth. While neglecting the effects of surface tension we construct connected families of large amplitude periodic waves approaching the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-12-23 Vladimir Kozlov , Evgeniy Lokharu

Modulational, Benjamin-Feir, instability is studied for the down-stream evolution of surface gravity waves. An explicit solution, the soliton on finite background, of the NLS equation in physical space is used to study various phenomena in…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-06-03 Andonowati , N. Karjanto , E. van Groesen

We report on an instability arising when surface gravity waves propagate in a rotating frame. The Stokes drift associated to the uniform wave field, together with global rotation, drives a mean flow in the form of a horizontally invariant…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-11-26 Kannabiran Seshasayanan , Basile Gallet