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This paper provides a quantum-mechanical analysis of an artwork, `Wigner's friends,' by Diemut Strebe. The work consists of two telescopes, one on earth, one launched into space, and explores ideas of quantum correlations and quantum…

Popular Physics · Physics 2015-01-08 Seth Lloyd

The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel perspective, based on Willems' "behavior theory", on the design of an unknown-input observer for a given linear time-invariant discrete-time state-space model, with unknown disturbances…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-03 Giorgia Disarò , Maria Elena Valcher

Quantum interference phenomena are widely viewed as posing a challenge to the classical worldview. Feynman even went so far as to proclaim that they are the only mystery and the basic peculiarity of quantum mechanics. Many have also argued…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-27 Lorenzo Catani , Matthew Leifer , David Schmid , Robert W. Spekkens

Nonperturbative analysis of quantum entanglement and quantum teleportation protocol using oscillator variables carried by observers in relativistic motion under the continuous influence of the environment is given. The full time evolution…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-14 K. Shiokawa

We discuss the status of relative facts - the central concept of Relational Quantum Mechanics (RQM) - in the context of the new amendment to RQM called cross-perspective links postulate. The new axiom states that by a proper measurement one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-04 Marcin Markiewicz , Marek Żukowski

Observer dependence is central to Quantum Mechanics; in particular if we associate consistent sets with observer worldviews we can think of the Consistent Histories (CH) interpretation as a formalisation of observer dependence. However we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-20 Yousef Ghazi-Tabatabai

It is generally agreed that decoherence theory is, if not a complete answer, at least a great step forward towards a solution of the quantum measurement problem. It is shown here however that in the cases in which a sentient being is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Bernard d'Espagnat

The so-called measurement problem of quantum theory (QT) is still lacking a satisfactory, or at least widely agreed upon, solution. A number of theories, known as interpretations of quantum theory, have been proposed and found differing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-26 Hans H. Diel

The observer effect in quantum physics states that observation inevitably influences the system being observed. This work introduces an epistemic framework that treats the observer as an integral part of sensory information processing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Johan F. Hoorn , Johnny K. W. Ho

Traditionally causes come before effects, but according to modern physics things aren't that simple. Special relativity shows that `before' and `after' are relative, and quantum measurement is even more subtle. Since the nonlocality of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-25 Ian C. Percival

In theories with a diffeomorphism symmetry, such as general relativity and canonical quantum gravity, it is often proposed that the empirical content is encoded in relational observables. But how do relational observables actually make…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2024-10-10 Emily Adlam

A precise formulation of the strong Equivalence Principle is essential to the understanding of the relationship between gravitation and quantum mechanics. The relevant aspects are reviewed in a context including General Relativity, but…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Aldrovandi , P. B. Barros , J. G. Pereira

The von Neumann attitude on such a deep interpretational question as the role of a human observer in order for the quantum description of measurement to be consistent has been long misrepresented. The large majority of the subsequent…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-08-25 Federico Laudisa

In this chapter we address the topic of quantum thermodynamics in the presence of additional observables beyond the energy of the system. In particular we discuss the special role that the generalized Gibbs ensemble plays in this theory,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-01 Erick Hinds Mingo , Yelena Guryanova , Philippe Faist , David Jennings

As physics searches for invariants in observations, this paper looks for invariants of probabilistic observation without assuming physical structure. Structure emerges from the basic assumption of science that new information shall lead to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Johann Summhammer

We examine the role of a conscious observer in a typical quantum mechanical measurement. Four rules are given that govern stochastic choice and state reduction in several cases of continuous and intermittent observation. It is found that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Richard A Mould

In the orthodox language of Quantum Mechanics the observer occupies a central position and the only "real events" are the measuring results. We argue here that this narrow view is not forced upon us by the lessons of Quantum Physics. An…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Rudolf Haag

Contrary to an oft-made claim, there can be observational distinctions (say for the expansion of the universe or the cosmological constant) between "single-history" quantum theories and "many-worlds" quantum theories. The distinctions occur…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Don N. Page

Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is one of the main tenets of quantum theory. Nevertheless, and despite its fundamental importance for our understanding of quantum foundations, there has been some confusion in its interpretation: although…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-06 Cyril Branciard

One of the key skills of a researcher is noticing what's going on. Both in the experiment one's performing and in one's data: is there something interesting, reason to doubt one's data or suspect that one's theoretical description is…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-07-08 K. Dunnett , M. H. Magnusson