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Let $F$ be a free group of rank $r$ and fix some $w\in F$. For any compact group $G$ we can define a measure $\mu_{w,G}$ on $G$ by (Haar-)uniformly sampling $g_1,...,g_r\in G$ and evaluating $w(g_1,...,g_r)$. In [arXiv:1802.04862], Magee…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2022-08-26 Yaron Brodsky

An involution is a bijection that is its own inverse. Given a permutation $\sigma$ of $[n],$ let $\mathsf{invol}(\sigma)$ denote the number of ways $\sigma$ can be expressed as a composition of two involutions of $[n].$ We prove that the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-22 Charles Burnette

The anti-concentration phenomenon in probability theory has been intensively studied in recent years, with applications across many areas of mathematics. In most existing works, the ambient probability space is a product space generated by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-23 Viet H. Do , Hoi H. Nguyen , Kiet H. Phan , Tuan Tran , Van H. Vu

The probabilistic Waring problem for finite simple groups asks whether every word of the form $w_1w_2$, where $w_1$ and $w_2$ are non-trivial words in disjoint sets of variables, induces almost uniform distribution on finite simple groups…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-09-11 Michael Larsen , Aner Shalev , Pham Huu Tiep

We describe a novel algorithm for random sampling of freely reduced words equal to the identity in a finitely presented group. The algorithm is based on Metropolis Monte Carlo sampling. The algorithm samples from a stretched Boltzmann…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2013-12-23 M. Elder , A. Rechnitzer , E. J. Janse van Rensburg

In the first part of the paper, we study the inversion statistic of random permutations under the family $(\mathbb{P}_\theta^{(n)})_{\theta \ge 0}$ of Ewens sampling distributions on $S_n$. We obtain a rather simple exact formula for the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Ross G. Pinsky , Dominic T. Schickentanz

We study stable W-length in groups, especially for W equal to the n-fold commutator gamma_n:=[x_1,[x_2, . . . [x_{n-1},x_n]] . . . ]. We prove that in any perfect group, for any n at least 2 and any element g, the stable commutator length…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2012-02-10 Danny Calegari , Dongping Zhuang

We prove some general results about the asymptotics of the distribution of the number of cycles of given length of a random permutation whose distribution is invariant under conjugation. These results were first established to be applied in…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-01-16 Florent Benaych-Georges

Let the term $k$-representation refer to the permutation representations of the symmetric group $\mathfrak{S}_n$ on $k$-tuples and $k$-subsets as well as the $S^{(n-k,1^k)}$ irreducible representation of $\mathfrak{S}_n$. Endow…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-10-30 Benjamin Tsou

In this paper we study different restrictions imposed over the set of permutations of size $n$, $S_n$, and for specific classes of restrictions study the cycle structure of corresponding permutations. More specifically, we prove that for…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-01-30 Enes Ozel

Let $w=w(x_1,\ldots,x_r)$ be a lower central word or a derived word. We show that the word $w(u_1,\ldots,u_r)$ is concise whenever $u_1,\ldots,u_r$ are non-commutator words in disjoint sets of variables, thus proving a generalized version…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-07-28 Gustavo A. Fernández-Alcober , Matteo Pintonello

Consider $N\times N$ hermitian or symmetric random matrices $H$ with independent entries, where the distribution of the $(i,j)$ matrix element is given by the probability measure $\nu_{ij}$ with zero expectation and with variance…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-10-27 Laszlo Erdos , Horng-Tzer Yau , Jun Yin

Let $S_n$ be the symmetric group on the set $\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$. Given a permutation $\sigma=\sigma_1\sigma_2 \cdots \sigma_n \in S_n$, we say it has a peak at index $i$ if $\sigma_{i-1}<\sigma_i>\sigma_{i+1}$. Let $\text{Peak}(\sigma)$ be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-22 Alexander Diaz-Lopez , Kathryn Haymaker , Kathryn Keough , Jeongbin Park , Edward White

We construct a statistic-swapping involution on the Cartesian product of the generalized symmetric group $S(k,n)$ with the symmetric group $S_{kn}$, which swaps the number of fixed points in the generalized symmetric group element with the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-12 Peter Kagey , Kai Mawhinney

We study the cycle structure of words in several random permutations. We assume that the permutations are independent and that their distribution is conjugation invariant, with a good control on their short cycles. If, after successive…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-24 Mohamed Slim Kammoun , Mylène Maïda

Let Sym_n denote the symmetric group of all permutations pi = a_1...a_n of {1,...,n}. An index i is a peak of pi if a_{i-1} < a_i > a_{i+1} and we let P(pi) be the set of peaks of pi. Given any set S of positive integers we define P(S;n) to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-09-05 Sara Billey , Krzysztof Burdzy , Bruce Sagan

We consider statistics on permutations chosen uniformly at random from fixed parabolic double cosets of the symmetric group. We show that the distribution of fixed points is asymptotically Poisson and establish central limit theorems for…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-04-20 J. E. Paguyo

We consider the cycle structure of a random permutation $\sigma$ chosen uniformly from the symmetric group, subject to the constraint that $\sigma$ does not contain cycles of length exceeding $r.$ We prove that under suitable conditions the…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-05-14 David Judkovich

We prove that permutations with few inversions exhibit a local-global dichotomy in the following sense. Suppose ${\boldsymbol\sigma}$ is a permutation chosen uniformly at random from the set of all permutations of $[n]$ with exactly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-21 David Bevan

We establish new characterizations of primitive elements and free factors in free groups, which are based on the distributions they induce on finite groups. For every finite group $G$, a word $w$ in the free group on $k$ generators induces…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2014-10-24 Doron Puder , Ori Parzanchevski