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Decoy state protocols are a useful tool for many quantum key distribution systems implemented with weak coherent pulses, allowing significantly better secret bit rates and longer maximum distances. In this paper we present a method to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-23 Patrick Rice , Jim Harrington

Satellite-to-ground quantum communication constitutes the cornerstone of the global quantum network, heralding the advent of the future of quantum information. Continuous-variable quantum key distribution is a strong candidate for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-21 Shi-Gen Li , Chen-Long Li , Wen-Bo Liu , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution (TF-QKD) has emerged as a potential protocol for long distance secure communication, overcoming the rate-distance limitations of conventional quantum key distribution without requiring trusted repeaters.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Syed M. Arslan , Syed Shahmir , Noureldin Mohammad , Saif Al-Kuwari , Muataz Alhussein

We have designed and realized a prototype that implements a continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol based on coherent states and reverse reconciliation. The system uses time and polarization multiplexing for optimal…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables two remote parties to grow a shared key which they can use for unconditionally secure communication [1]. The applicable distance of a QKD protocol depends on the loss and the excess noise of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-08 Lars S. Madsen , Vladyslav C. Usenko , Mikael Lassen , Radim Filip , Ulrik L. Andersen

We propose efficient-phase-encoding protocols for continuous-variable quantum key distribution using coherent states and postselection. By these phase encodings, the probability of basis mismatch is reduced and total efficiency is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-09-29 Ryo Namiki , Takuya Hirano

We propose a long-distance continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI-QKD) protocol with discrete modulation. This kind of discrete-modulated schemes have good compatibility with efficient error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-22 Hong-Xin Ma , Peng Huang , Dong-Yun Bai , Tao Wang , Shi-Yu Wang , Wan-Su Bao , Gui-Hua Zeng

We use a recent numerical security proof approach to calculate tight secure key rates in the presence of collective attacks for a continuous-variable (CV) eight-state phase-shift keying (8PSK) protocol with heterodyne detection in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-18 Florian Kanitschar , Christoph Pacher

Numerical security proofs offer a versatile approach for evaluating the secret-key generation rate of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. However, existing methods typically require perfect source characterization, which is…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure communication method that utilizes the principles of quantum mechanics to establish secret keys. The central task in the study of QKD is to prove security in the presence of an eavesdropper with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-14 Sirui Peng , Xiaoming Sun , Hongyi Zhou

A quantum key distribution network enables pairs of users to generate independent secret keys by leveraging the principles of quantum physics. For end-to-end secure communication, a user pair's secret key must remain secure against any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-26 Yiming Bian , Yichen Zhang , Song Yu , Zhengyu Li , Hong Guo

To beat PNS attack, decoy state quantum key distribution (QKD) based on coherent state has been studied widely. We present a decoy state QKD protocol with modified coherent state (MCS). By destruction quantum interference, MCS with fewer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Zhen-Qiang Yin , Zheng-Fu Han , Fang-Wen Sun , Guang-Can Guo

Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is the multipartite cryptographic primitive. Most of existing QSS protocols are limited by the linear rate-distance bound, and cannot realize the long-distance and high-capacity multipartite key distribution.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Meng-Dong Zhu , Cheng Zhang , Shi-Pu Gu , Xing-Fu Wang , Ming-Ming Du , Wei Zhong , Lan Zhou , Yu-Bo Sheng

We consider the asymptotic key rates achieved in the simplest quantum key distribution protocols, namely the BB84 and the six-state protocols, when non-uniform noise is present in the system. We first observe that higher qubit error rates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-02 Gláucia Murta , Filip Rozpędek , Jérémy Ribeiro , David Elkouss , Stephanie Wehner

Quantum key distribution (QKD) stands as a pioneering method for establishing information-theoretically secure communication channels by utilizing the principles of quantum mechanics. In the security proof of QKD, the phase error rate…

We provide security bounds against coherent attacks for two families of quantum key distribution protocols that use $d$-dimensional quantum systems. In the asymptotic regime, both the secret key rate for fixed noise and the robustness to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-13 Lana Sheridan , Valerio Scarani

Thanks to the single-photon interference at a third untrusted party, the twin-field quantun key distribution (TF-QKD) protocol and its variants can beat the well-known rate-loss bound without quantum repeaters, and related experiments have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-06 Chun-Mei Zhang , Yi-Wei Xu , Rong Wang , Qin Wang

We study covert communication and covert secret key generation with positive rates over quantum state-dependent channels. Specifically, we consider fully quantum state-dependent channels when the transmitter shares an entangled state with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Hassan ZivariFard , Rémi A. Chou , Xiaodong Wang

In this paper we present quantum key distribution protocol that, instead of single qubits, uses mesoscopic coherent states of light $|\alpha\rangle$ to encode bit values of a randomly generated key. Given the reference value…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-04 G. A. Barbosa , J. van de Graaf , P. Mateus , N. Paunković

Large-scale quantum communication networks are still a huge challenge due to the rate-distance limit of quantum key distribution (QKD). Recently, twin-field (TF) QKD has been proposed to overcome this limit. Here, we prove that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-21 Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen