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Quantum state tomography, which aims to find the best description of a quantum state -- the density matrix, is an essential building block in quantum computation and communication. Standard techniques for state tomography are incapable of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-18 Markus Rambach , Akram Youssry , Marco Tomamichel , Jacquiline Romero

Well-controlled quantum devices with their increasing system size face a new roadblock hindering further development of quantum technologies: The effort of quantum tomography---the characterization of processes and states within a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-26 C. A. Riofrio , D. Gross , S. T. Flammia , T. Monz , D. Nigg , R. Blatt , J. Eisert

Quantum information has been drawing a wealth of research in recent years, shedding light on questions at the heart of quantum mechanics, as well as advancing fields such as complexity theory, cryptography, key distribution, and chemistry.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-25 Dikla Oren , Maor Mutzafi , Yonina C. Eldar , Mordechai Segev

Complex quantum networks are not only hard to establish, but also difficult to simulate due to the exponentially growing state space and noise-induced imperfections. In this work, we propose an alternative approach that leverage quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Ferran Riera-Sàbat , Jorge Miguel-Ramiro , Wolfgang Dür

Assessment of practical quantum information processing (QIP) remains partial without understanding limits imposed by noise. Unfortunately, mere description of noise grows exponentially with system size, becoming cumbersome even for modest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-14 Vikesh Siddhu , John Smolin

The effects of noise are one of the most important factors to consider when it comes to quantum computing in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing (NISQ) era that we are currently in. Therefore, it is important not only to gain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-07 T. Piskor , M. Schöndorf , M. Bauer , D. Smith , T. Ayral , S. Pogorzalek , A. Auer , M. Papič

Precise reconstruction of unknown quantum states from measurement data, a process commonly called quantum state tomography, is a crucial component in the development of quantum information processing technologies. Many different tomography…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-28 Ingrid Strandberg

Inferring a quantum system from incomplete information is a common problem in many aspects of quantum information science and applications, where the principle of maximum entropy (MaxEnt) plays an important role. The quantum state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-26 Shi-Yao Hou , Zipeng Wu , Jinfeng Zeng , Ningping Cao , Chenfeng Cao , Youning Li , Bei Zeng

Knowing and guessing, these are two essential epistemological pillars in the theory of quantum-mechanical measurement. As formulated quantum mechanics is a statistical theory. In general, a priori unknown states can be completely determined…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 V. Buzek , G. Drobny , R. Derka , G. Adam , H. Wiedemann

As quantum technologies advance, the ability to generate increasingly large quantum states has experienced rapid development. In this context, the verification and estimation of large entangled systems represents one of the main challenges…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-30 Joshua Morris , Valeria Saggio , Aleksandra Gočanin , Borivoje Dakić

Quantum state tomography is an indispensable but costly part of many quantum experiments. Typically, it requires measurements to be carried in a number of different settings on a fixed experimental setup. The collected data is often…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-13 Jun Li , Shilin Huang , Zhihuang Luo , Keren Li , Dawei Lu , Bei Zeng

There exists, in general, a convex set of quantum state estimators that maximize the likelihood for informationally incomplete data. We propose an estimation scheme, catered to measurement data of this kind, to search for the exact…

Quantum state tomography, the ability to deduce the state of a quantum system from measured data, is the gold standard for verification and benchmarking of quantum devices. It has been realized in systems with few components, but for larger…

New algorithm for quantum state estimation based on the maximum likelihood estimation is proposed. Existing techniques for state reconstruction based on the inversion of measured data are shown to be overestimated since they do not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Zdenek Hradil

Understanding the limitations imposed by noise on current and next-generation quantum devices is a crucial step towards demonstrating practical quantum advantage. In this work, we investigate the accumulation of entropy density as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Marine Demarty , James Mills , Kenza Hammam , Raul Garcia-Patron

Extracting information from quantum devices has long been a crucial problem in the field of quantum mechanics. By performing elaborate measurements, quantum state tomography, an important and fundamental tool in quantum science and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-24 Yu Wang , Keren Li

Quantum state tomography (QST) is the process of reconstructing the state of a quantum system (mathematically described as a density matrix) through a series of different measurements, which can be solved by learning a parameterized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Hailan Ma , Zhenhong Sun , Daoyi Dong , Chunlin Chen , Herschel Rabitz

The von Neumann and quantum R\'enyi entropies characterize fundamental properties of quantum systems and lead to theoretical and practical applications in many fields. Quantum algorithms for estimating quantum entropies, using a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-13 Youle Wang , Benchi Zhao , Xin Wang

We present a technique for enhancing the estimation of quantum state properties by incorporating approximate prior knowledge about the quantum state of interest. This method involves performing randomized measurements on a quantum processor…

Quantifying and verifying the control level in preparing a quantum state are central challenges in building quantum devices. The quantum state is characterized from experimental measurements, using a procedure known as tomography, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-28 Quoc Hoan Tran , Kohei Nakajima