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Semi-supervised learning (SSL) constructs classifiers from datasets in which only a subset of observations is labelled, a situation that naturally arises because obtaining labels often requires expert judgement or costly manual effort. This…

Computation · Statistics 2025-12-09 Geoffrey J. McLachlan , Jinran Wu

In recent years, great progress has been made to incorporate unlabeled data to overcome the inefficiently supervised problem via semi-supervised learning (SSL). Most state-of-the-art models are based on the idea of pursuing consistent model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Yangbangyan Jiang , Xiaodan Li , Yuefeng Chen , Yuan He , Qianqian Xu , Zhiyong Yang , Xiaochun Cao , Qingming Huang

Semi-supervised learning is a setting in which one has labeled and unlabeled data available. In this survey we explore different types of theoretical results when one uses unlabeled data in classification and regression tasks. Most methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Alexander Mey , Marco Loog

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown great success in estimating sequential treatment strategies which take into account patient heterogeneity. However, health-outcome information, which is used as the reward for reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Aaron Sonabend-W , Nilanjana Laha , Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan , Tianxi Cai , Rajarshi Mukherjee

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) has become a preferred paradigm in many deep learning tasks, which reduces the need for human labor. Previous studies primarily focus on effectively utilising the labelled and unlabeled data to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Qian Shao , Jiangrui Kang , Qiyuan Chen , Zepeng Li , Hongxia Xu , Yiwen Cao , Jiajuan Liang , Jian Wu

We consider the estimation problem in high-dimensional semi-supervised learning. Our goal is to investigate when and how the unlabeled data can be exploited to improve the estimation of the regression parameters of linear model in light of…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-21 Siyi Deng , Yang Ning , Jiwei Zhao , Heping Zhang

In this paper, we apply Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) along with Data Augmentation (DA) for improving the accuracy of End-to-End ASR. We focus on the consistency regularization principle, which has been successfully applied to image…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-29 Felix Weninger , Franco Mana , Roberto Gemello , Jesús Andrés-Ferrer , Puming Zhan

Semi-supervised machine learning (SSL) is gaining popularity as it reduces the cost of training ML models. It does so by using very small amounts of (expensive, well-inspected) labeled data and large amounts of (cheap, non-inspected)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Virat Shejwalkar , Lingjuan Lyu , Amir Houmansadr

Pseudo-labeling is a commonly used paradigm in semi-supervised learning, yet its application to semi-supervised regression (SSR) remains relatively under-explored. Unlike classification, where pseudo-labels are discrete and confidence-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Xueqing Sun , Renzhen Wang , Quanziang Wang , Yichen Wu , Xixi Jia , Deyu Meng

In conventional supervised pattern recognition tasks, model selection is typically accomplished by minimizing the classification error rate on a set of so-called development data, subject to ground-truth labeling by human experts or some…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-08-25 Christopher M. White , Sanjeev P. Khudanpur , Patrick J. Wolfe

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) seeks to enhance task performance by training on both labeled and unlabeled data. Mainstream SSL image classification methods mostly optimize a loss that additively combines a supervised classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Zhe Huang , Xiaowei Yu , Dajiang Zhu , Michael C. Hughes

Natural Language Inference (NLI) or Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE) aims at predicting the relation between a pair of sentences (premise and hypothesis) as entailment, contradiction or semantic independence. Although deep learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Mobashir Sadat , Cornelia Caragea

The current success of deep neural networks (DNNs) in an increasingly broad range of tasks involving artificial intelligence strongly depends on the quality and quantity of labeled training data. In general, the scarcity of labeled data,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-21 Shun Kiyono , Jun Suzuki , Kentaro Inui

In recent years, semi-supervised learning (SSL) has shown tremendous success in leveraging unlabeled data to improve the performance of deep learning models, which significantly reduces the demand for large amounts of labeled data. Many SSL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Song-Bo Yang , Tian-li Yu

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) can leverage abundant unlabeled data to boost model performance. However, the class-imbalanced data distribution in real-world scenarios poses great challenges to SSL, resulting in performance degradation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Yin Wang , Zixuan Wang , Hao Lu , Zhen Qin , Hailiang Zhao , Guanjie Cheng , Ge Su , Li Kuang , Mengchu Zhou , Shuiguang Deng

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) has been proved to be an effective way to leverage both labeled and unlabeled data at the same time. Recent semi-supervised approaches focus on deep neural networks and have achieved promising results on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Hong-Yu Zhou , Avital Oliver , Jianxin Wu , Yefeng Zheng

In the literature, most existing graph-based semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods only use the label information of observed samples in the label propagation stage, while ignoring such valuable information when learning the graph. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-02-14 Liansheng Zhuang , Zihan Zhou , Jingwen Yin , Shenghua Gao , Zhouchen Lin , Yi Ma , Nenghai Yu

As data volumes continue to grow, the labelling process increasingly becomes a bottleneck, creating demand for methods that leverage information from unlabelled data. Impressive results have been achieved in semi-supervised learning (SSL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Ivana Balažević , Carl Allen , Timothy Hospedales

Designing learning-based no-reference (NR) video quality assessment (VQA) algorithms for camera-captured videos is cumbersome due to the requirement of a large number of human annotations of quality. In this work, we propose a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-01 Shankhanil Mitra , Saiyam Jogani , Rajiv Soundararajan

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) is implemented when algorithms are trained on both labeled and unlabeled data. This is a very common application of ML as it is unrealistic to obtain a fully labeled dataset. Researchers have tackled three…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Jason Lu , Michael Ma , Huaze Xu , Zixi Xu