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The classical Landau-Lifshitz equation has been derived from quantum mechanics. Starting point is the assumption of a non-Hermitian Hamilton operator to take the energy dissipation into account. The corresponding quantum mechanical time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-24 Robert Wieser

A quantum mechanical model is used to derive a generalized Landau-Lifshitz equation for a magnetic moment, including fluctuations and dissipation. The model reproduces the Gilbert-Brown form of the equation in the classical limit. The…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-11-07 A. Rebei , G. J. Parker

Using an effective Hamiltonian including the Zeeman and internal interactions, we describe the quantum theory of magnetization dynamics when the spin system evolves non-adiabatically and out of equilibrium. The Lewis-Riesenfeld dynamical…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2008-11-26 F. M. Saradzhev , F. C. Khanna , Sang Pyo Kim , M. de Montigny

We examine the relation between the quantum Landau-Lifshitz equation ($q$-LL) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 147201 (2013)] and quantum Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation ($q$-LLG) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 266704 (2024)]; two non-linear purity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Yuefei Liu , Olle Eriksson , Erik Sjöqvist

An extended Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation is introduced to describe the dynamics of inhomogeneous magnetization in a current-carrying wire. The coefficients of all the terms in this equation are calculated quantum-mechanically for…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-11-13 D. M. Edwards , O. Wessely

Micromagnetics simulation based on the classical Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation has long been a powerful method for modeling magnetization dynamics and reversal of three-dimensional (3D) magnets. For two-dimensional (2D) magnets,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-09-13 Essa M. Ibrahim , Shufeng Zhang

We derive a quantum Langevin equation for a quantum spin in the presence of a magnetic field and study its dynamics in the Markovian limit using the Ohmic bath model. We extend our analysis to the Drude bath with a finite memory. We study…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-30 Suraka Bhattacharjee , Koushik Mandal , Supurna Sinha

We investigate the spin dynamics in the two-dimensional spin-orbit coupled system subject to an in-plane ($x$-$y$ plane) constant electric field, which is assumed to be turned on at the moment $t=0$. The equation of spin precession in…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-06-05 Tsung-Wei Chen , Zhi-Yang Huang , Dah-Wei Chiou

We explore the limitations and validity of semi-classically formulated spin equations of motion. Using a single-molecule magnet as a test model, we employ three qualitatively different approximation schemes. From a microscopic model, we…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-12-13 Henning Hammar , Jonas Fransson

The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equations are widely used to study spin dynamics in Mott insulators. However, because energy dissipation is typically introduced phenomenologically, its validity for describing nonequilibrium processes and…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-07-29 Rico Pohle , Yukitoshi Motome , Terumasa Tadano , Shintaro Hoshino

Magnetization dynamics in magnetic materials are well described by the modified semiclassical Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation, which includes the magnetic damping $\alpha$ and the magnetic moment of inertia $\mathrm{I}$ tensors as…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-01-02 Robin Bajaj , Seung-Cheol Lee , H. R. Krishnamurthy , Satadeep Bhattacharjee , Manish Jain

As of now, the phenomenological classical Landau-Lifshitz (LL) damping of magnetic order is not conceptually linked to the quantum theory of dissipation of the Lindbladian formalism which is unsatisfactory for the booming research on…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-10-24 Götz S. Uhrig

We revisit the model of a system made up of a Brownian quantum oscillator under the influence of an external classical force and linearly coupled to an environment made up of many quantum oscillators at zero or finite temperature. We show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. H. Fleming , B. L. Hu , Albert Roura

The Landau-Lifshitz equation describes the time-evolution of magnetic dipoles, and can be derived by taking the classical limit of a quantum mechanical spin Hamiltonian. To take this limit, one constrains the many-body quantum state to a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-09-21 David Dahlbom , Hao Zhang , Cole Miles , Xiaojian Bai , Cristian D. Batista , Kipton Barros

The dynamics of magnetization near a stable equilibrium in ferromagnetic nanomagnets are examined within the Landau--Lifshitz--Gilbert (LLG) framework. For a small angle precession, the dependence of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequency,…

The ultra-fast magnetisation relaxation rates during the laser-induced magnetisation process are analyzed in terms of the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch (LLB) equation for different values of spin $S$. The LLB equation is equivalent in the limit $S…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-05-20 U. Atxitia , O. Chubykalo-Fesenko

It is crucially important to investigate effects of temperature on magnetic properties such as critical phenomena, nucleation, pinning, domain wall motion, coercivity, etc. The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation has been applied…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-07-14 Masamichi Nishino , Seiji Miyashita

We consider spin dynamics for implementation in an atomistic framework and we address the feasibility of capturing processes in the femtosecond regime by inclusion of moment of inertia. In the spirit of an {\it s-d} -like interaction…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-02-02 S. Bhattacharjee , L. Nordström , J. Fransson

We consider the numerical approximation of the inertial Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation (iLLG), which describes the dynamics of the magnetization in ferromagnetic materials at subpicosecond time scales. We propose and analyze two fully…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-10-07 Michele Ruggeri

The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert damping parameter is typically assumed to be a local quantity, independent of magnetic configuration. To test the validity of this assumption we calculate the precession damping rate of small amplitude…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-05-13 Keith Gilmore , Mark D. Stiles