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The study of the physical and chemical properties of gas infall motion in the molecular clumps helps us understand the initial stages of star formation. We used the FTS wide-sideband mode of the IRAM 30-m telescope to observe nine infall…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-11-29 Yang Yang , Yao Wang , Zhibo Jiang , Zhiwei Chen

Ionized carbon is the main gas-phase reservoir of carbon in the neutral diffuse interstellar medium and its 158 micron fine structure transition [CII] is the most important cooling line of the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM). We combine…

The mass of molecular gas in an interstellar cloud is often measured using line emission from low rotational levels of CO, which are sensitive to the CO mass, and then scaling to the assumed molecular hydrogen H_2 mass. However, a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-18 Mark G. Wolfire , David Hollenbach , Christopher F. McKee

At the interface of HII regions and molecular gas peculiar structures appear, some of them with pillar-like shapes. Understanding their origin is important for characterizing triggered star formation and the impact of massive stars on the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-08-02 S. Paron , M. Celis Peña , M. E. Ortega , C. Fariña , M. Rubio , R. P. Ashley

H2 is the simplest and the most abundant molecule in the ISM, and its formation precedes the formation of other molecules. Understanding the dynamical influence of the environment and the interplay between the thermal processes related to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-02-24 Valeska Valdivia , Patrick Hennebelle , Maryvonne Gérin , Pierre Lesaffre

C$_2$H is a representative hydrocarbon that is abundant and ubiquitous in the interstellar medium (ISM). To study its chemical properties, we present Submillimeter Array (SMA) observations of the C$_2$H $N=3-2$ and HC$_3$N $J=30-29$…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-06 Xue-Jian Jiang , Hauyu Baobab Liu , Qizhou Zhang , Junzhi Wang , Zhi-Yu Zhang , Juan Li , Yu Gao , Qiusheng Gu

The shape of the cold interstellar molecular gas is determined by several processes, including self-gravity, tidal force, turbulence, magnetic field, and galactic shear. Based on the 3D dust extinction map derived by Vergely et al., we…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-08-27 Yi-Heng Xie , Guang-Xing Li , Bing-Qiu Chen

The properties of molecular clouds associated with 10 HII regions were studied using CO observations. We identified 142 dense clumps within our sample and found that our sources are divided into two categories: those with clumps that show a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Mohaddesseh Azimlu , Michel Fich

We present results obtained towards the HII regions N159, N166, and N132 from the emission of several molecular lines in the 345 GHz window. Using ASTE we mapped a 2.4' $\times$ 2.4' region towards the molecular cloud N159-W in the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-11-11 S. Paron , M. E. Ortega , C. Fariña , M. Cunningham , P. A. Jones , M. Rubio

Nearby spiral galaxies show an extremely tight correlation between tracers of molecular hydrogen (H_2) in the interstellar medium (ISM) and tracers of recent star formation, but it is unclear whether this correlation is fundamental or…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Mark R. Krumholz , Adam K. Leroy , Christopher F. McKee

The neutral interstellar medium (ISM) inside the Local Bubble (LB) has been known to have properties typical of the warm neutral medium (WNM). However, several recent neutral hydrogen (HI) absorption experiments show evidence for the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Snezana Stanimirovic

We present numerical computations and analysis of atomic to molecular (HI-to-H$_2$) transitions in cool ($\sim$100 K) low-metallicity dust-free (primordial) gas, in which molecule formation occurs via cosmic-ray driven negative ion…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-10-27 Amiel Sternberg , Alon Gurman , Shmuel Bialy

We report here, for the first time, the association of low frequency CRRL with \HI\ self-absorbing clouds in the inner Galaxy and that the CRRLs from the innermost $\sim 10^{\circ}$ of the Galaxy arise in the Riegel-Crutcher (R-C) cloud.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2011-01-26 D. Anish Roshi , N. G. Kantharia

We investigate the chemical evolution of a forming molecular cloud behind an interstellar shock wave. We conduct three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics simulations of the converging flow of atomic gas, including a simple chemical network…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-08 Yuto Komichi , Yuri Aikawa , Kazunari Iwasaki , Kenji Furuya

Cosmic gas makes up about 90% of baryonic matter in the Universe and H$_2$ is the closest molecule to star formation. In this work we study cold neutral gas and its H$_2$ component at different epochs, exploiting state-of-the-art…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-01-05 Umberto Maio , Céline Péroux , Benedetta Ciardi

The aim of this study is to investigate systematic chemical differentiation of molecules in regions of high mass star formation. We observed five prominent sites of high mass star formation in HCN, HNC, HCO+, their isotopes, C18O, C34S and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2010-11-02 I. Zinchenko , P. Caselli , L. Pirogov

(Abridged) Massive stars can determine the evolution of molecular clouds with their strong ultraviolet (UV) radiation fields. Moreover, UV radiation is relevant in setting the thermal gas pressure in star-forming clouds, whose influence can…

We are conducting COLD GASS, a legacy survey for molecular gas in nearby galaxies. Using the IRAM 30m telescope, we measure the CO(1-0) line in a sample of ~350 nearby (D=100-200 Mpc), massive galaxies (log(M*/Msun)>10.0). The sample is…

We use hydrodynamical simulations in a $(256\;{\rm pc})^3$ periodic box to model the impact of supernova (SN) explosions on the multi-phase interstellar medium (ISM) for initial densities $n = 0.5-30$ cm$^{-3}$ and SN rates $1-720$…

The dense, cold gas of Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs) is thought to be representative of the initial conditions of massive star and star cluster formation. We analyze 13CO(J=1-0) line emission data from the Galactic Ring Survey of Jackson et…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-27 Audra K. Hernandez , Jonathan C. Tan