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We introduce a method for proving lower bounds on the efficacy of semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxations for combinatorial problems. In particular, we show that the cut, TSP, and stable set polytopes on $n$-vertex graphs are not the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-11-25 James R. Lee , Prasad Raghavendra , David Steurer

It is well known from the Perron-Frobenius theory that the spectral gap of a positive square matrix is positive. In this paper, we give a more quantitative characterization of the spectral gap. More specifically, using a complex extension…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2019-07-17 Wendi Han , Guangyue Han

Spectral singularities are spectral points that spoil the completeness of the eigenfunctions of certain non-Hermitian Hamiltonian operators. We identify spectral singularities of complex scattering potentials with the real energies at which…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-11-24 Ali Mostafazadeh

The longstanding nonnegative inverse eigenvalue problem (NIEP) is to determine which multisets of complex numbers occur as the spectrum of an entry-wise nonnegative matrix. Although there are some well-known necessary conditions, a solution…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-04 Charles R. Johnson , Pietro Paparella

We study perturbations of linear differential equations, deriving explicit series solutions, using Dyson-type expansions. We analyze the monodromy of deformed solutions in a number of examples, and relate this to cocycles in a cohomological…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2025-09-04 Ziyu Zhang

The product of a complex skew-symmetric matrix and its conjugate transpose is a positive semi-definite Hermitian matrix with nonnegative eigenvalues, with a property that each distinct positive eigenvalue has even multiplicity. This…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-10-19 Liqun Qi , Ziyan Luo

A spectrahedron is the positivity region of a linear matrix pencil and thus the feasible set of a semidefinite program. We propose and study a hierarchy of sufficient semidefinite conditions to certify the containment of a spectrahedron in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-03-23 Kai Kellner , Thorsten Theobald , Christian Trabandt

A real square matrix is Perron-like if it has a real eigenvalue $s$, called the principal eigenvalue of the matrix, and $\mbox{Re}\,\mu<s$ for any other eigenvalue $\mu$. Nonnegative matrices and symmetric ones are typical examples of this…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-08-18 Desheng Li , Ruijing Wang

Semidefinite programming optimises a linear objective function over a spectrahedron, and is one of the major advances of mathematical optimisation. Spectrahedra are described by linear pencils, which are linear matrix polynomials with…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2019-10-08 Ben Lawrence

We develop a procedure for determining whether a square complex matrix is unitarily equivalent to a complex symmetric (i.e., self-transpose) matrix. Our approach has several advantages over existing methods. We discuss these differences and…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2010-03-16 Stephan Ramon Garcia , Daniel E. Poore , Madeline K. Wyse

Large families of Hamiltonians that are non-Hermitian in the conventional sense have been found to have all eigenvalues real, a fact attributed to an unbroken PT symmetry. The corresponding quantum theories possess an unconventional scalar…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Zafar Ahmed , Carl M. Bender , M. V. Berry

We provide a partial classification of positive linear maps in matrix algebras which is based on a family of spectral conditions. This construction generalizes celebrated Choi example of a map which is positive but not completely positive.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Dariusz Chruscinski , Andrzej Kossakowski

We consider optimization problems containing nonconvex quadratic functions for which semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxations often yield strong bounds. We investigate linear inequalities that outer approximate the positive semidefinite…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Oktay Günlük , Paul Jünger , Jeff Linderoth , Andrea Lodi , James Luedtke

Spectral singularities are certain points of the continuous spectrum of generic complex scattering potentials. We review the recent developments leading to the discovery of their physical meaning, consequences, and generalizations. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-07 Ali Mostafazadeh

We prove three inequalities relating some invariants of sets of matrices, such as the joint spectral radius. One of the inequalities, in which proof we use geometric invariant theory, has the generalized spectral radius theorem of Berger…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2009-12-18 Jairo Bochi

We analyze when an arbitrary matrix pencil is equivalent to a dissipative Hamiltonian pencil and show that this heavily restricts the spectral properties. In order to relax the spectral properties, we introduce matrix pencils with…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-10-22 Christian Mehl , Volker Mehrmann , Michal Wojtylak

Let $A$ be a $n\times n$ complex Hermitian matrix and let $\lambda(A)=(\lambda_1,\ldots,\lambda_n)\in \mathbb{R}^n$ denote the eigenvalues of $A$, counting multiplicities and arranged in non-increasing order. Motivated by problems arising…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-04-15 Pedro Massey , Demetrio Stojanoff , Sebastian Zarate

In this paper the main results in arXiv:0901.3179v3, related to the matrix representation of polynomial maps, are restated in traditional way of linear algebra assuming that variable vectors are presented as column vectors. Some new results…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2010-10-14 Ural Bekbaev

Some subadditivity results involving symmetric (unitarily invariant) norms are obtained. For instance, if $g(t)=\sum_{k=0}^m a_kt^k$ is a polynomial of degree $m$ with non-negative coefficients, then, for all positive operators $A,\,B$ and…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2011-02-08 Jean-Christophe Bourin , Fumio Hiai

Let $x$ and $y$ be positive $n$-vectors. We show that there exists a $2n\times 2n$ positive definite real matrix whose symplectic spectrum is $y,$ and the symplectic spectrum of whose diagonal is $x$ if and only if $x$ is weakly…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2020-04-09 Rajendra Bhatia , Tanvi Jain