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A univariate time series with high variability can pose a challenge even to Deep Neural Network (DNN). To overcome this, a univariate time series is decomposed into simpler constituent series, whose sum equals the original series. As…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Debdarsan Niyogi

Many fault diagnosis methods of rotating machines are based on discriminative features extracted from signals collected from the key components such as bearings. However, under complex operating conditions, periodic impulsive…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-12 Yuhan Yuan , Xiaomo Jiang , Haibin Yang , Haixin Zhao , Shengbo Wang , Xueyu Cheng , Jigang Meng , Shuhua Yang

Although Transformer-based methods have significantly improved state-of-the-art results for long-term series forecasting, they are not only computationally expensive but more importantly, are unable to capture the global view of time series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Tian Zhou , Ziqing Ma , Qingsong Wen , Xue Wang , Liang Sun , Rong Jin

A precoded orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation scheme relying on faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) transmission over doubly selective fading channels is {proposed}, which enhances the spectral efficiency and improves the Doppler…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-05 Zekun Hong , Shinya Sugiura , Chao Xu , Lajos Hanzo

This paper proposes an end-to-end approach for single-channel speaker-independent multi-speaker speech separation, where time-frequency (T-F) masking, the short-time Fourier transform (STFT), and its inverse are represented as layers within…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-04-30 Zhong-Qiu Wang , Jonathan Le Roux , DeLiang Wang , John R. Hershey

Since many decades, there is a general perception in literature that the Fourier methods are not suitable for the analysis of nonlinear and nonstationary data. In this paper, we propose a Fourier Decomposition Method (FDM) and demonstrate…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-03-16 Pushpendra Singh , Shiv Dutt Joshi , Rakesh Kumar Patney , Kaushik Saha

High-resolution time-frequency (TF) analysis plays crucial role in characterizing multicomponent signal (MCSs) and estimating oscillatory properties. Linear time-frequency representations (TFRs) such as classical short-time Fourier…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-12 Rayyan Abdalla

Irregular multivariate time series forecasting (IMTSF) is challenging due to non-uniform sampling and variable asynchronicity. These irregularities violate the equidistant assumptions of standard models, hindering local temporal modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xiangfei Qiu , Kangjia Yan , Xvyuan Liu , Xingjian Wu , Jilin Hu

Background: Windowed Fourier decompositions (WFD) are widely used in measuring stationary and non-stationary spectral phenomena and in describing pairwise relationships among multiple signals. Although a variety of WFDs see frequent…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-01-30 Christopher K. Kovach , Phillip E. Gander

Time-frequency (TF) representation of non-stationary signals typically requires the effective concentration of energy distribution along the instantaneous frequency (IF) ridge, which exhibits intrinsic sparsity. Inspired by the sparse…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-15 Zongyue Yang , Baoqing Ding , Shibin Wang , Chuang Sun , Xuefeng Chen

Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) has developed into a prominent tool for adaptive, scale-based signal analysis in various fields like robotics, security and biomedical engineering. Since the dramatic increase in amount of data puts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Jin Zhang , Fan Feng , Pere Marti-Puig , Cesar F. Caiafa , Zhe Sun , Feng Duan , Jordi Solé-Casals

Transient signals are often composed of a series of modes that have multivalued time-dependent instantaneous frequency (IF), which brings challenges to the development of signal processing technology. Fortunately, the group delay (GD) of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-23 Haoran Dong , Gang Yu

The intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating mechanical equipment usually requires a large amount of labeled sample data. However, in practical industrial applications, acquiring enough data is both challenging and expensive in terms of time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Hanyang Wang , Yuxuan Yang , Hongjun Wang , Lihui Wang

Time-frequency representation (TFR) is often used for non-stationary signal analysis. The most intuitive and interpretable TFR is the spectrogram. Recently, a concept of non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) has been successfully applied…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-20 Mateusz Gabor , Rafal Zdunek , Radoslaw Zimroz , Agnieszka Wylomanska

Spectral interference, the frequency counterpart of the beating phenomenon in the time domain, can severely distort time-frequency representations (TFRs) in physical applications. We study this phenomenon for the short-time Fourier…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2026-01-19 Shrikant Chand , James Nolen , Hau-Tieng Wu

Time-frequency distributions (TFDs) play a vital role in providing descriptive analysis of non-stationary signals involved in realistic scenarios. It is well known that low time-frequency (TF) resolution and the emergency of cross-terms…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-01 Lei Jiang , Haijian Zhang , Lei Yu

The scope of data-driven fault diagnosis models is greatly extended through deep learning (DL). However, the classical convolution and recurrent structure have their defects in computational efficiency and feature representation, while the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Yifei Ding , Minping Jia , Qiuhua Miao , Yudong Cao

Recently it has been shown that the intensity time-bandwidth product of optical signals can be engineered to match that of the data acquisition instrument. In particular, it is possible to slow down an ultrafast signal, resulting in…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-22 Jacky Chan , Ata Mahjoubfar , Mohammad H. Asghari , Bahram Jalali

Since Huang proposed the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) in 1998, mode decomposition has been widely studied, but EMD and relative developed algorithms are still generally lack of adaptability and mathematical theory. This paper propose…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-27 Hu Yiting , Wu Zhuangzhi

We present the Evolving Graph Fourier Transform (EFT), the first invertible spectral transform that captures evolving representations on temporal graphs. We motivate our work by the inadequacy of existing methods for capturing the evolving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Anson Bastos , Kuldeep Singh , Abhishek Nadgeri , Manish Singh , Toyotaro Suzumura